Identified metabolites in culture samples, presented as mole fraction of carbon of total identified metabolites, with at least the two most abundant compounds highlighted; full results are in Table S8 at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.brv15dv8s. Organisms are colored by broad taxonomic classification (as in Fig. 2; blue = archaea, orange = cyanobacteria, gray = diatoms, yellow = dinoflagellates, purple = haptophytes, green = prasinophytes), and the full description of cultured organisms is found in Table S3 in the supplemental material and Table S7, with full data in Table S8 (Tables S7 and S8 at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.brv15dv8s). We have excluded DMSP from this analysis since we cannot accurately quantify it using our methodology. Patterns are for added clarity with differentiating compounds.