Table 1.
Selected genetically engineered CCA mouse models.
| Mouse Model | Recombination | Induced Alterations |
|---|---|---|
| KrasG12D mice [37] | Alb-Cre | KRAS activation |
| KrasG12D;p53L/L mice [37] | Alb-Cre | KRAS activation and p53 deletion |
| Smad4Co/CoPtenCo/Co mice [38] | Alb-Cre | Deletion of SMAD4 and PTEN |
| Ptenf/fGrp94f/f mice [39] | Alb-Cre | Deletion of PTEN and GRP94 |
| AKT/YAP Sleeping Beauty [41] | Sleeping Beauty transposon | Activation of AKT and YAP |
| KrasG12D mice with DDC diet [43] | Opn-Cre | KRAS activation and biliary damage |
| KrasG12D/CDH1ΔL mice with high fat diet [45] | Alb-Cre | KRAS activation, deletion of E-cadherin, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |