Table 1.
Key players of oxygen-sensing pathway and EPO expression.
| Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Protein Name | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| EPAS1 | 2034 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2α) | Transcriptional activation of EPO [17] |
| HIF1A | 3091 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) | Transcriptional activation [16] |
| HIF3A | 64344 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 3-alpha (HIF3α) | Transcriptional repression [16] |
| EGLN1 | 54583 | HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) | HIF2α hydroxylation [18] |
| VHL | 7428 | von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor protein (VHL) | HIF2α ubiquitination [16] |
| ARNT | 405 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) | HIF2α DNA protein partner Transcriptional activation of EPO [15] |
| ARNTL # | 406 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL) | HIFα DNA protein partner [19] |
| ARNT2 # | 9915 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) | HIFα DNA protein partner [20] |
| EPO | 2056 | Erythropoietin |
# Experiments were performed in cancer cell lines, or cells other than renal cells, or it was a cancer-directed study.