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. 2021 Jun 25;12:653110. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653110

Figure 8.

Figure 8

A new working model: Endothelial cells are innate immune cells, which express innate immune regulatomic genes and regulators for trained immunity-related metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, and play significant roles in vascular homeostasis, inflammatory cell recruitment, myelopoiesis, innate immunity, cell death, thromboembolism, cytokine storms and cardiovascular comorbidities of COVID-19 and other viral infections.