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Three deformation modes of foam material under different loading rates [41]. Rc represents the compressed part. (a) Homogeneous mode: the stress values on the proximal and distal surfaces of the specimen are equal and the strain is distributed uniformly along the specimen length. (b) Transitional models: the impacted foam collapsed and the proximal end has not densified. (c) Shock mode: the impacted foam rapidly collapsed and densified close to the proximal end.
