Table 1.
Baseline Sample Characteristics by Gender*
| Female Smokers, n (%) or Mean (SE) | Male Smokers, n (%) or Mean (SE) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 138 | 2,516 | — |
| Treatment group | |||
| Usual care | 88 | 1,298 | — |
| Proactive outreach | 50 | 1,218 | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age (y) | 51.2 (0.9) | 59.0 (0.2) | <.01 |
| Race | |||
| White | 72 (57%) | 1,533 (67%) | .17 |
| Black | 48 (32%) | 672 (23%) | |
| Hispanic | 8(5%) | 158 (5%) | |
| Other | 10(7%) | 153 (6%) | |
| Married or cohabiting | 46 (36%) | 1,245 (52%) | <.01 |
| Currently employed | 61 (46%) | 715(29%) | <.01 |
| Annual income ≤$20k | 56 (40%) | 1,172 (48%) | .06 |
| Smoking behaviors | |||
| Cigarettes per day | |||
| ≤10 | 61 (40%) | 877 (32%) | .12 |
| 11–20 | 54 (42%) | 1,049 (44%) | |
| ≥21 | 23(18%) | 546 (24%) | |
| Time to first cigarette (min) | |||
| >31 | 39 (29%) | 689 (26%) | .27 |
| 6–30 | 66 (47%) | 1,308 (54%) | |
| <5 | 33(25%) | 499 (20%) | |
| Age of smoking initiation (y) | 18.8 (0.5) | 17.2 (0.1) | <.01 |
| Menthol cigarette user | 81 (56%) | 881 (31%) | <.01 |
| Use other tobacco products | 28(21%) | 1,124 (47%) | <.01 |
| Cessation attitudes and attempts | |||
| Quit attempt in past 12 mo | 78 (56%) | 1,392 (54%) | .73 |
| Readiness to quit | 5.8 (0.2) | 5.7 (0.0) | .55 |
| Global confidence to quit (0–5) | 2.2 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.0) | .24 |
| Self-efficacy to quit | |||
| Emotional subscale | −0.7 (0.2) | −0.4 (0.0) | .06 |
| Skill subscale | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.0) | .06 |
| Social subscale | −0.2 (0.2) | −0.2 (0.0) | .94 |
| Perceptions of NRT | |||
| Advantages subscale | 29.1 (0.5) | 28.4 (0.1) | .16 |
| Disadvantages subscale | 11.6 (0.3) | 11.9 (0.1) | .49 |
| Smoking not allowed in home | 48 (37%) | 937 (41%) | .44 |
| Another smoker lives in home | 60 (44%) | 1,043 (42%) | .69 |
| People important to me want me to quit smoking | |||
| Strongly disagree to neutral | 22 (16%) | 493 (22%) | <.01 |
| Somewhat agree | 19(15%) | 554 (24%) | |
| Strongly agree | 88 (68%) | 1,309 (55%) | |
| Mental health diagnoses | |||
| Depression | 53 (40%) | 493 (19%) | <.01 |
| Anxiety | 21 (16%) | 219 (9%) | .03 |
| PTSD | 12 (9%) | 200 (7%) | .46 |
| Substance use disorder | 17 (12%) | 499 (19%) | .02 |
Abbreviations: NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SE, standard error.
*
Summary statistics adjust for study design with stratified sampling by site.