Table 3. Association of Neighborhood Built Environment Scoresa With Prevalence and Incidence of Depression Among Participants (N = 2,000), Bogalusa Heart Study, 1998–2013.
| Built Environment Score | Buffer Around Residence Unit |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 mi | 0.25 mi | 0.50 mi | 1.00 mi | 1.50 mi | |
| Cross-sectional, prevalence rate ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Overall | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Path | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| Pedestrian safety | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.04 (0.98–1.09) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) |
| Aesthetics | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
| Destinationsb | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 1.04 (0.97–1.10) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) |
| Physical security | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) |
| Land use | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) |
| Longitudinal, risk ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) |
| Path | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| Pedestrian safety | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| Aesthetics | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) |
| Destinationsb | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
| Physical security | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) |
| Land use | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 0.99 (0.93–1.07) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) |
a
Built environment scores summarize features of street segments assessed with the Rural Active Living Assessment street segment audit tool, overall and within domains of features, with higher numeric scores indicating the presence of more features thought to promote physical activity. Measures of association represent the relative prevalence or risk of depression associated with a 1-point increase in the specified built environment score. Scores have the following ranges: overall (2–29), path (0–9) pedestrian safety (0–10), aesthetics (0–6), destinations (0–11), physical security (0–6), and land use (05).
b
Includes commercial and civic facilities.