Table 5.
Experimental design matrix and responses for rubberized ECC mixture.
| Mix | Factors (%) | Responses | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A: CR | B: NS | C: FA | D: PVA | CS (MPa) | ME (GPa) | DT (MPa) | DS (µE) | FS (MPa) | ||
| M1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 87.17 | 21.92 | 0.31 | 2.63 | 1103.70 | 8.95 |
| M2 | 2.5 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 57.11 | 29.65 | 0.26 | 2.82 | 1267.80 | 10.75 |
| M3 | 0 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 69.91 | 27.14 | 0.34 | 3.13 | 1150.20 | 8.80 |
| M4 | 5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 48.17 | 20.17 | 0.22 | 2.58 | 1323.90 | 9.50 |
| M5 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 64.29 | 25.26 | 0.26 | 2.70 | 1260.30 | 10.75 |
| M6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 82.44 | 24.75 | 0.24 | 3.40 | 1204.50 | 10.20 |
| M7 | 2.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 65.05 | 28.78 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 1284.40 | 10.35 |
| M8 | 0 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 83.42 | 23.19 | 0.24 | 3.36 | 1203.70 | 9.95 |
| M9 | 5 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 52.44 | 21.67 | 0.21 | 2.91 | 1402.90 | 10.25 |
| M10 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 83.57 | 29.57 | 0.25 | 2.73 | 1101.30 | 9.01 |
| M11 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 65.22 | 27.21 | 0.24 | 2.91 | 1281.30 | 10.10 |
| M12 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 83.80 | 21.78 | 0.33 | 3.74 | 1124.80 | 8.89 |
| M13 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 60.45 | 22.90 | 0.24 | 2.82 | 1279.20 | 10.05 |
| M14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 86.81 | 26.35 | 0.29 | 2.59 | 1203.50 | 9.87 |
| M15 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 63.07 | 28.78 | 0.25 | 2.50 | 1283.30 | 10.15 |
| M16 | 5 | 0 | 50 | 2 | 44.96 | 20.29 | 0.21 | 3.81 | 1401.30 | 11.71 |
| M17 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 68.45 | 25.18 | 0.25 | 2.72 | 1280.10 | 10.25 |
| M18 | 2.5 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 67.63 | 19.24 | 0.26 | 2.62 | 1281.30 | 9.95 |
| M19 | 5 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 54.86 | 20.11 | 0.21 | 3.81 | 1459.20 | 10.05 |
| M20 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 59.10 | 25.23 | 0.25 | 2.89 | 1254.10 | 10.25 |
| M21 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 2 | 80.36 | 23.32 | 0.24 | 2.99 | 1203.50 | 10.20 |
| M22 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 85.68 | 18.11 | 0.23 | 2.97 | 1361.10 | 12.20 |
| M23 | 2.5 | 2 | 25 | 1 | 48.69 | 21.21 | 0.25 | 2.97 | 1281.90 | 11.40 |
| M24 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57.66 | 19.21 | 0.21 | 2.81 | 1399.80 | 9.95 |
| M25 | 5 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 48.93 | 18.61 | 0.23 | 2.70 | 1403.30 | 10.05 |
| M26 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 51.17 | 20.98 | 0.22 | 2.39 | 1402.40 | 10.70 |
| M27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 69.55 | 23.04 | 0.35 | 2.92 | 1250.30 | 8.90 |
| M28 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 59.10 | 19.24 | 0.27 | 3.19 | 1401.90 | 11.35 |
| M29 | 2.5 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 81.63 | 22.37 | 0.24 | 3.12 | 1358.80 | 11.10 |
| M30 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 48.09 | 17.93 | 0.29 | 3.55 | 1424.30 | 10.990 |
A: crumb rubber, B: nano-silica, C: fly ash, D: PVA fiber, CS: compressive strength, ME: elastic modulus, : Poisson’s ratio, DT: direct tensile strength, DS: drying shrinkage, and FS: flexural strength.