Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2021 Jul 6;33(7):1293–1306. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.006

Figure 4. S1P/S1PR signaling modulation in metabolic tissues.

Figure 4.

Regulation of S1P/S1PR signaling exhibits tissue-specific metabolic outcomes. (A) S1P generated in liver hepatocytes can activate AKT to enhance insulin signaling and triglyceride storage as well as regulate sterol, lipid, and inflammatory gene expression. (B) S1P and S1P/S1PR signaling modulates adipocytes inflammation, differentiation, and pathways affecting lipolysis, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial biogenesis. (C) In muscles, S1P/S1PR affects insulin signaling in part through IL6 generation and receptor activation to block AKT activity. (D) In pancreatic β-cells, S1P enhances insulin secretion, and activation of S1PRs suppresses apoptosis and regulates mitochondrial biogenesis.