Table 5.
Literature review of articles showing positive ocular risk factors in pseudoexfoliation
| First author (year of publication) | City, country | Sample size | Type of study | Risk factor | P value or hazard ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akdemir (2016) | Istanbul, Turkey | 50 XFS, 20 XFS with glaucoma, 65 controls | Clinic-based cross-sectional study | Dry eye | <0.001 |
| Kozobolis (2004) | Crete, Greece | 40 XFS and 40 controls | Prospective, cross-sectional study | Dry eye | 0.01 |
| Kozobolis (1999) | Crete, Greece | 57 XFS versus 60 controls | Cross-sectional study | Dry eye | <0.002 |
| Öncel (2012) | Istanbul, Turkey | 31 XFS and 31 controls | Clinic-based case-control study | Dry eye | 0.001 |
| Rao (2018) | Odisha, India | 55 XFS with 40 controls | Clinic-based case-control study | Dry eye | <0.001 |
| Škegro (2015) | Zagreb, Croatia | 40 XFS and 40 controls | Clinic-based case-control study | Dry eye | <0.01 |
| Noori (2019) | Pune, India (Asian Indian) | 100 XFS and 100 controls | Clinic-based comparative study | Dry eye | 0.003 |
| Kaliaperumal (2014) | Puducherry, India | 30 XFS and 15 controls | Clinic-based comparative study | Dry eye | <0.001 |
| Pujar (2019) | Karnataka, India | 30 XFS and 30 controls | Clinic-based comparative study | Dry eye | <0.001 |
| Potemkin (2016) | Saint Peterburg, Russia | 66 XFS and 64 controls | Clinic-based comparative study | Meibomian gland dysfunction | <0.05 |
| Landers (2012) | Central Australia | 1884 with 72 XFS | Clinic-based cross-sectional study | Climatic keratopathy | <0.001 |
| Resnikoff (1991) | Bamako, Mali, East Africa | 2446 | Countryside survey | Climatic keratopathy | 6.4 (1.2-33.1) (P=0.02) |
| Forsisus (2002) | Peru (7 XFS), Novosibirsk (41 XFS in Russia), Åland (41 XFS in Finland) | International Biological Programme for study populations living in extreme climates | Samples of extreme climate International Biologic Programme | Climatic keratopathy | <0.05 |
| Yazgan (2015) | Zonguldak, Turkey | 45 healthy, 43 XFS and 30 XFS Glaucoma eyes | Clinic-based cross-sectional study | Decreased Corneal Hysteresis | <0.001 |
| Romero-Aroca (2011) | Taragona, Spain | 2342 with 309 XFS | Population-based cross-sectional study | Increased corneal endothelial polymorphism, polymegathism, cell loss | <0.001 |
| Yenerei (2011) | Istanbul, Turkey | 52 XFS and 42 controls | Clinic-based cross-sectional study | Decreased Corneal hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor | <0.05 |
| Palko (2017) | World literature | Literature before September 2016 | Meta-analysis | Decreased corneal nerves | 4 studies had P<0.05 |
| Palko (2017) | World literature | Literature prior to September 2016 | Meta-analysis | Decreased corneal endothelial cell count | 9 of 11 studies had P<0.05 |
| Topouzis 2019 | Thessaloniki, Northern Greece | 1468 with 19.6% XFS | Longitudinal, population-based study | More hyperopia | 0.72 per mm (0.57-0.92) |
| McCarty 2000 | Victoria, Australia | 3271 with 0.98% XFS | Cluster, stratified sampling | Glaucoma | 3.80 (1.73-8.33) |
| Sorkou 2020 | Greece | 42 XFS versus 72 controls | Cross-sectional clinic based | Glaucoma | 0.002 |
| Hietanen 1992 | Helsinki, Finland | 305 consecutive patients (77 XFS) scheduled for cataract surgery | Cross-sectional clinic based | Glaucoma | <0.001 (33.8% of XFS vs. 10.8% in non XFS) |
| Rotchford 2003 | South Africa | 1840 with 7.7% XFS | Cluster-based random cross-sectional sampling | Glaucoma | 2.5 (1.4-4.5) |
| Mitchell 1999 | Sydney, Australia | 3654 (Blue Mountains Eye Study) | Cross-sectional study | Glaucoma | 5.0 (2.6-9.6) |
| Forsman 2007 | Kökar island in southern Finland | 595 | Population-based eye examination | Glaucoma | 11.9 (6.2-22.9) |
| Bikbov (2020) | Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia | 5899 | Population-based cross-sectional study | Glaucoma | 2.40 (1.36-4.23) (P=0.003) |
XFS: Pseudoexfoliation