. 2021 Jul 9;16(7):e0253794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253794

Table 6. Summary data and reference intervals for serum biochemistry parameters of adult male and female Hartley guinea pigs.

Analyte	Sex	N	Mean	SD	Median	Min	Max	P-value	Distribution	Method	RI	90% CI of LRL	90% CI of URL	P-value (Males vs. Females)
Glucose (mg/dL)	Males	90	229	55	227	123	411	0.002	NG	NP	126–392	123–140	315–411	0.6527
Glucose (mg/dL)	Females	50	260	84	232	159	475	0.000	NG	NP	163–473	159–184	454–475	0.6527
BUN (mg/dL)	Males	91	21	3	21	16	33	0.030	NG	NP	16–29	16–16	26–33	0.9909
BUN (mg/dL)	Females	52	21	4	21	13	32	0.348	G	NP	14–31	13–16	27–32	0.9909
Creatinine (mg/dL)	Males	92	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.000	NG	NP	0.2–0.5	0.2–0.3	0.5–0.6	0.0870
Creatinine (mg/dL)	Females	52	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.000	NG	NP	0.2–0.5	0.2–0.3	0.4–0.5	0.0870
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	Males	93	5.0	0.7	5.0	3.6	6.9	0.289	G	NP	3.7–6.4	3.6–3.8	6.2–6.9	0.0838
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	Females	52	5.2	1.0	5.1	3.4	7.6	0.237	G	NP	3.5–7.5	3.4–4.0	6.9–7.6	0.0838
Calcium (mg/dL)	Males	93	11.3	0.4	11.3	10.4	12.5	0.118	G	NP	10.5–12.4	10.4–10.6	12.0–12.5	0.4169
Calcium (mg/dL)	Females	52	11.3	0.6	11.3	10.0	12.9	0.058	G	NP	10.1–12.8	10.0–10.5	12.4–12.9	0.4169
Magnesium (mg/dL)	Males	82	3.6	0.5	3.7	2.5	5.1	0.256	G	NP	2.7–5.1	2.5–2.9	4.5–5.1	0.1709
Magnesium (mg/dL)	Females	52	3.5	0.4	3.5	2.2	4.4	0.389	G	NP	2.4–4.3	2.2–2.8	4.1–4.4	0.1709
Total Protein (g/dL)	Males	93	5.3	0.3	5.3	4.7	5.8	0.018	NG	NP	4.7–5.8	4.7–4.8	5.7–5.8	0.0002^c
Total Protein (g/dL)	Females	52	5.5	0.4	5.5	4.7	6.4	0.245	G	NP	4.7–6.3	4.7–5.0	6.1–6.4	0.0002^c
Albumin (g/dL)	Males	93	3.1	0.2	3.1	2.7	3.4	0.000	NG	NP	2.8–6.4	2.7–2.8	3.3–3.4	< 0.0001^d
Albumin (g/dL)	Females	52	3.3	0.2	3.3	2.7	3.7	0.112	G	NP	2.7–3.7	2.7–2.8	3.6–3.7	< 0.0001^d
Globulin (g/dL)	Males	93	2.2	0.2	2.2	1.7	2.6	0.003	NG	NP	1.7–2.5	1.7–1.9	2.5–2.6	0.0363^a
Globulin (g/dL)	Females	52	2.2	0.2	2.2	1.9	2.9	0.001	NG	NP	1.9–2.8	1.9–2.0	2.6–2.9	0.0363^a
A/G Ratio	Males	93	1.45	0.14	1.43	1.04	1.80	0.003	NG	NP	1.19–1.76	1.04–1.29	1.70–1.80	0.5888
A/G Ratio	Females	52	1.46	0.11	1.49	1.20	1.65	0.038	NG	NP	1.20–1.64	1.20–1.24	1.61–1.65	0.5888
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	Males	92	36	13	35	17	86	0.000	NG	NP	18–77	17–20	55–86	0.0317^a
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	Females	52	46	25	38	12	119	0.000	NG	NP	13–117	12–17	95–119	0.0317^a
CK (IU/L)	Males	89	561	435	444	107	1975	0.000	NG	NP	116–1924	107–128	1523–1975	0.7809
CK (IU/L)	Females	49	524	374	387	125	1620	0.000	NG	NP	130–1591	125–200	1295–1620	0.7809
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)	Males	92	0	0	0	0	0	-	-	NP	0–0	0–0	0–0	> 0.9999
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)	Females	52	0	0	0	0	0	-	-	NP	0–0	0–0	0–0	> 0.9999
ALP (IU/L)	Males	93	74	32	68	29	170	0.000	NG	NP	32–160	29–36	155–170	0.0873
ALP (IU/L)	Females	52	88	42	78	37	205	0.001	NG	NP	37–197	37–40	163–205	0.0873
ALT (IU/L)	Males	91	39	10	37	17	72	0.005	NG	NP	23–69	17–25	58–72	0.0196^a
ALT (IU/L)	Females	51	35	12	34	15	77	0.008	NG	NP	15–75	15–19	59–77	0.0196^a
AST (IU/L)	Males	91	62	30	53	22	162	0.000	NG	NP	24–142	22–27	118–162	0.1031
AST (IU/L)	Females	50	75	44	56	33	215	0.000	NG	NP	33–210	33–35	169–215	0.1031
GGT (IU/L)	Males	93	18	8	18	6	37	0.016	NG	NP	6–37	6–8	32–37	0.3739
GGT (IU/L)	Females	52	17	7	17	0	33	0.292	G	NP	2–32	0–8	28–33	0.3739
Sodium (mEQ/L)	Males	93	136	3	137	127	144	0.001	NG	NP	128–132	127–132	140–144	0.4988
Sodium (mEQ/L)	Females	52	136	3	137	127	142	0.030	NG	NP	128–141	127–131	140–142	0.4988
Potassium (mEQ/L)	Males	92	4.93	0.79	4.81	3.66	7.21	0.000	NG	NP	3.85–6.99	3.66–3.98	6.59–7.21	0.0407^a
Potassium (mEQ/L)	Females	52	5.37	1.16	5.00	3.89	9.90	0.003	NG	NP	3.91–9.09	3.89–4.03	6.99–9.00	0.0407^a
Chloride (mEQ/L)	Males	92	100.7	2.9	101.0	91.8	107.3	0.381	G	NP	94.1–107.2	91.8–96.1	104.9–107.3	0.1745
Chloride (mEQ/L)	Females	52	101.1	3.6	101.5	90.5	107.2	0.011	NG	NP	90.9–107.2	90.5–93.8	105.6–107.2	0.1745
Bicarbonate (mEQ/L)	Males	93	25.0	2.4	25.0	19.5	31.3	0.876	G	NP	19.9–29.6	19.5–21.3	28.9–31.3	0.0001^c
Bicarbonate (mEQ/L)	Females	51	23.4	2.3	23.6	18.5	28.4	0.530	G	NP	18.5–28.2	18.5–19.5	26.5–28.4	0.0001^c
Anion Gap (mmol/L)	Males	93	16	2	15	12	24	0.000	NG	NP	12–22	12–13	21–24	0.0102^a
Anion Gap (mmol/L)	Females	51	17	3	17	13	26	0.002	NG	NP	13–25	13–14	21–26	0.0102^a
Calculated Osmolality (mOsm/kg)	Males	93	284	5	284	269	302	0.017	NG	NP	272–293	269–273	292–302	0.0489^a
Calculated Osmolality (mOsm/kg)	Females	51	285	5	285	276	297	0.801	G	NP	276–296	276–278	294–297	0.0489^a
Iron (μg/dL)	Males	70	285	30	288	197	350	0.128	G	NP	210–345	197–236	331–350	< 0.0001^d
Iron (μg/dL)	Females	52	319	46	325	186	405	0.282	G	NP	199–405	186–245	390–405	< 0.0001^d

^aP < 0.05

^bP < 0.01

^cP < 0.001

^dP < 0.0001 between values for adult male and female Hartley guinea pigs. Abbreviations: G, Gaussian; NG, non-Gaussian; NP, nonparametric; RI, reference interval.