Table 4. Comparison of mean, standard deviation, and effect size of total competency scores between intervention and control groups.
| Intervention group (n = 206) | Control group (n = 74) | Mean increase in competency scores between intervention-control groups | Effect size b | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow up | Cohen’s d (95% CI) a | Baseline | Follow up | Cohen’s d (95% CI) a | Intervention | Control | Cohen’s d (95% CI) a | ||||||||
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean increase | (SD) | Mean increase | (SD) | |||||
| Competency Score [min 0- max 2 pt] | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 Data collection | 1.03 | (0.62) | 1.59 | (0.50) | 0.99 (0.71–1.28) | 1.20 | (0.53) | 1.64 | (0.45) | 0.90 (0.42–1.37) | 0.57 | (0.77) | 0.44 | (0.60) | 0.17 (-0.09–0.44) | No |
| 2 Assessment | 0.88 | (0.49) | 1.55 | (0.47) | 1.40 (1.09–1.70) | 1.12 | (0.46) | 1.52 | (0.41) | 0.92 (0.44–1.40) | 0.67 | (0.63) | 0.40 | (0.52) | 0.45 (0.18–0.72) | Small |
| 3 Nursing diagnosis | 1.02 | (0.51) | 1.65 | (0.48) | 1.27 (0.97–1.57) | 1.23 | (0.47) | 1.60 | (0.45) | 0.80 (0.33–1.28) | 0.63 | (0.63) | 0.37 | (0.54) | 0.43 (0.16–0.70) | Small |
| 4 Nursing plan development | 1.13 | (0.47) | 1.71 | (0.34) | 1.41 (1.11–1.72) | 1.29 | (0.37) | 1.65 | (0.35) | 1.00 (0.52–1.48) | 0.59 | (0.52) | 0.36 | (0.46) | 0.44 (0.17–0.71) | Small |
| 5 Privacy protection | 1.45 | (0.49) | 1.85 | (0.29) | 0.99 (0.70–1.28) | 1.55 | (0.40) | 1.84 | (0.29) | 0.83 (0.36–1.31) | 0.40 | (0.55) | 0.30 | (0.45) | 0.19 (-0.07–0.46) | No |
| 6 Proper care delivery | 1.37 | (0.50) | 1.89 | (0.23) | 1.34 (1.03–1.64) | 1.38 | (0.42) | 1.82 | (0.33) | 1.17 (0.67–1.66) | 0.53 | (0.53) | 0.44 | (0.46) | 0.18 (-0.09–0.44) | No |
| 7 Medication administration | 1.32 | (0.45) | 1.81 | (0.23) | 1.37 (1.07–1.68) | 1.43 | (0.39) | 1.74 | (0.30) | 0.89 (0.41–1.37) | 0.49 | (0.47) | 0.31 | (0.42) | 0.39 (0.12–0.66) | Small |
| 8 Care continuity | 1.18 | (0.55) | 1.74 | (0.39) | 1.18 (0.88–1.47) | 1.34 | (0.41) | 1.69 | (0.37) | 0.90 (0.42–1.37) | 0.56 | (0.59) | 0.35 | (0.53) | 0.37 (0.11–0.64) | Small |
| 9 First aids | 1.01 | (0.50) | 1.65 | (0.41) | 1.40 (1.10–1.70) | 1.20 | (0.44) | 1.57 | (0.41) | 0.87 (0.39–1.35) | 0.64 | (0.55) | 0.37 | (0.52) | 0.49 (0.22–0.76) | Small |
| 10 Rapport with patients | 1.43 | (0.58) | 1.88 | (0.26) | 1.00 (0.71–1.29) | 1.70 | (0.40) | 1.81 | (0.38) | 0.28 (-0.18–0.74) | 0.45 | (0.65) | 0.11 | (0.53) | 0.54 (0.27–0.81) | Intermediate |
| 11 Interpersonal communication | 1.32 | (0.55) | 1.77 | (0.36) | 0.97 (0.68–1.26) | 1.56 | (0.49) | 1.79 | (0.35) | 0.54 (0.08–1.00) | 0.45 | (0.63) | 0.22 | (0.53) | 0.38 (0.11–0.65) | Small |
| 12 ICT Skills | 1.21 | (0.61) | 1.75 | (0.43) | 1.02 (0.73–1.31) | 1.47 | (0.53) | 1.79 | (0.37) | 0.70 (0.23–1.17) | 0.54 | (0.71) | 0.32 | (0.59) | 0.33 (0.06–0.59) | Small |
| 13 Intelligible explanation | 1.11 | (0.56) | 1.71 | (0.44) | 1.19 (0.90–1.49) | 1.26 | (0.54) | 1.64 | (0.47) | 0.75 (0.28–1.22) | 0.60 | (0.64) | 0.39 | (0.64) | 0.34 (0.07–0.60) | Small |
| 14 Health education | 0.88 | (0.50) | 1.53 | (0.50) | 1.30 (1.00–1.60) | 1.06 | (0.48) | 1.50 | (0.44) | 0.96 (0.48–1.44) | 0.65 | (0.61) | 0.44 | (0.58) | 0.35 (0.08–0.61) | Small |
| 15 Teamworking | 1.44 | (0.41) | 1.83 | (0.26) | 1.14 (0.84–1.43) | 1.58 | (0.32) | 1.79 | (0.30) | 0.68 (0.21–1.15) | 0.39 | (0.50) | 0.21 | (0.38) | 0.37 (0.10–0.63) | Small |
| 16 Documentation | 1.20 | (0.50) | 1.74 | (0.35) | 1.25 (0.95–1.55) | 1.34 | (0.38) | 1.69 | (0.34) | 0.97 (0.49–1.45) | 0.54 | (0.54) | 0.35 | (0.43) | 0.38 (0.11–0.64) | Small |
| 17 Care management | 1.03 | (0.43) | 1.60 | (0.41) | 1.36 (1.05–1.66) | 1.24 | (0.43) | 1.56 | (0.41) | 0.76 (0.29–1.23) | 0.57 | (0.56) | 0.33 | (0.49) | 0.44 (0.17–0.71) | Small |
| 18 Medical equipment management | 0.93 | (0.49) | 1.52 | (0.52) | 1.17 (0.87–1.46) | 0.98 | (0.47) | 1.49 | (0.50) | 1.05 (0.57–1.54) | 0.59 | (0.67) | 0.51 | (0.59) | 0.12 (-0.15–0.39) | No |
| 19 Resource management | 0.80 | (0.58) | 1.45 | (0.63) | 1.07 (0.78–1.37) | 1.01 | (0.52) | 1.45 | (0.59) | 0.79 (0.32–1.26) | 0.65 | (0.79) | 0.44 | (0.71) | 0.27 (0.01–0.54) | Small |
| 20 Working environment | 1.29 | (0.49) | 1.81 | (0.29) | 1.29 (0.99–1.59) | 1.44 | (0.42) | 1.73 | (0.36) | 0.74 (0.27–1.21) | 0.51 | (0.53) | 0.29 | (0.48) | 0.44 (0.17–0.70) | Small |
| 21 Quality improvement | 1.02 | (0.49) | 1.60 | (0.44) | 1.25 (0.95–1.54) | 1.24 | (0.40) | 1.58 | (0.45) | 0.80 (0.33–1.27) | 0.58 | (0.61) | 0.35 | (0.55) | 0.39 (0.13–0.66) | Small |
| 22 Evidence based practice | 0.63 | (0.54) | 1.26 | (0.64) | 1.06 (0.77–1.36) | 0.85 | (0.52) | 1.26 | (0.55) | 0.77 (0.29–1.24) | 0.63 | (0.74) | 0.41 | (0.66) | 0.31 (0.05–0.58) | Small |
| 23 Professional development | 1.21 | (0.50) | 1.77 | (0.34) | 1.31 (1.01–1.61) | 1.49 | (0.39) | 1.68 | (0.37) | 0.50 (0.04–0.96) | 0.57 | (0.58) | 0.19 | (0.52) | 0.66 (0.39–0.94) | Intermediate |
| 24 Legal compliance | 1.44 | (0.52) | 1.89 | (0.24) | 1.11 (0.82–1.41) | 1.65 | (0.37) | 1.78 | (0.33) | 0.37 (-0.09–0.83) | 0.45 | (0.56) | 0.14 | (0.46) | 0.58 (0.31–0.85) | Intermediate |
| 25 Moral responsibility | 1.27 | (0.60) | 1.78 | (0.41) | 0.99 (0.70–1.28) | 1.49 | (0.47) | 1.74 | (0.37) | 0.59 (0.13–1.06) | 0.51 | (0.71) | 0.25 | (0.61) | 0.39 (0.12–0.66) | Small |
| Total Competency Score [min 0- max 6 pt] | 3.55 | (1.22) | 5.16 | (0.91) | 1.50 (1.19–1.81) | 4.13 | (0.93) | 5.01 | (0.91) | 0.96 (0.48–1.44) | 1.61 | (1.42) | 0.88 | (1.17) | 0.53 (0.26–0.80) | Intermediate |
a Effect size and 95% confidence interval were calculated by using Psychometrica (33).
b Effect size was categorized into five levels: Adverse Effect: <0; No Effect: 0─0.2; Small Effect: 0.2─0.5; Intermediate Effect: 0.5─0.8, and Large Effect: ≥ 0.8.