Table 1. Characteristics of CKD patients with and without COVID-19 disease, and predictors of COVID-19.
| With COVID-19 (n = 193) | Without COVID-19 (n = 4523) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at January 1, 2020, mean±SD | 80.8±8.9 | 76.0±11.7 | 1.033 (1.014–1.053) | 0.001 |
| Males, n(%) | 123(63.7) | 2963(65.5) | 1.205 (0.872–1.666) | 0.258 |
| Immigrants, n(%) | 6(3.1) | 170(3.8) | 1.301 (0.508–3.327) | 0.583 |
| Province, n(%) | ||||
| Ravenna | 22(11.4) | 830(18.3) | 0.491 (0.303–0.796) | 0.004 |
| Forlì-Cesena | 62(32.1) | 1765(39.0) | 0.662 (0.472–0.928) | 0.017 |
| Rimini | 109(56.5) | 1928(42.6) | Ref. | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 28.4±5.1 | 28.0±4.8 | ||
| <25 | 51(27.4) | 1240(27.8) | Ref. | |
| 25–29.99 | 69(37.1) | 1912(42.8) | 0.874 (0.598–1.279) | 0.489 |
| 30–34.99 | 47(25.3) | 969(21.7) | 1.197 (0.783–1.829) | 0.406 |
| ≥35 | 19(10.2) | 343(7.7) | 1.424 (0.803–2.526) | 0.226 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), mean±SD | 32.5±12.1 | 38.3±15.9 | ||
| CKD-EPI stage 1–2 | 4(2.1) | 336(7.4) | 0.575 (0.203–1.628) | 0.298 |
| CKD-EPI stage 3a | 25(12.9) | 989(21.9) | 0.728 (0.447–1.187) | 0.204 |
| CKD-EPI stage 3b | 73(37.8) | 1772(39.2) | Ref. | |
| CKD-EPI stage 4 | 84(43.5) | 1256(27.8) | 1.562 (1.116–2.186) | 0.009 |
| CKD-EPI stage 5 | 7(3.6) | 169(3.7) | 1.090 (0.485–2.449) | 0.834 |
| Primary kidney disease, n(%) | ||||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 150(77.7) | 3124(69.1) | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 17(8.8) | 415(9.2) | ||
| Polycystic kidney | 3(1.6) | 95(2.1) | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 2(1.0) | 227(5.0) | ||
| Glomerulonephritis | 4(2.1) | 156(3.4) | ||
| Single kidney | 7(3.6) | 219(4.8) | ||
| Unknown nephropathy | 8(4.2) | 225(5.0) | ||
| Rare nephropathies | 2(1.0) | 62(1.4) | ||
| Diabetes, n(%) | 69(35.7) | 1500(33.2) | 1.033 (0.748–1.427) | 0.845 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities, n(%) | 77(39.9) | 911(20.2) | 1.822 (1.311–2.533) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n(%) | 26(13.5) | 213(4.7) | 1.906 (1.182–3.072) | 0.008 |
| Tumors, n(%) | 21(10.9) | 300(6.6) | 1.631 (1.002–2.655) | 0.049 |
| Liver disease, n(%) | 2(1.0) | 41(0.9) | - | - |
| Dementia, n(%) | 10(5.2) | 96(2.1) | 1.650 (0.827–3.292) | 0.155 |