Table 2. Clinical characteristics and laboratory profiles of participants (n = 133)1.
| Clinical characteristics | n (%)2 |
|---|---|
| Symptoms and signs—n (%) | |
| Fever | 104 (78%) |
| Cough | 133 (100%) |
| Runny nose | 83 (62%) |
| Wheezing, N = 132 | 74 (56%) |
| Fast breathing, N = 132 | 126 (95%) |
| Chest indrawing, N = 132 | 111 (84%) |
| Stridor | 16 (12%) |
| Any danger signs on admission | 38 (29%) |
| Clinical case definition for pneumonia—n (%) | 133 (100%) |
| Non-severe pneumonia | 95 (71%) |
| Severe pneumonia3 | 38 (29%) |
| Oxygen saturation on admission (in %), median (IQR), n = 125 | 94 (92–97) |
| Level of oxygen saturation on admission4 - n (%), N = 125 | |
| ≥ 90% | 107 (81%) |
| < 90% | 18 (14%) |
| Length of stay (in days), median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) |
| Prolonged stay (> 5 days)—n (%) | 49 (37%) |
| Weight for age—n (%) | |
| Normal (-2SD to 2 SD) | 100 (75%) |
| Underweight (- 3 SD to < -2 SD) | 18 (14%) |
| Severely underweight (< -3 SD) | 12 (9%) |
| > 2 SD | 2 (2%) |
| Length for age—n (%), N = 69 | |
| Normal (-2SD to 2 SD) | 42 (61%) |
| Stunted (- 3 SD to < -2 SD) | 17 (25%) |
| Severely stunted (< -3 SD) | 8 (12%) |
| Tall > 2 SD | 2 (3%) |
| Weight for length—n (%), N = 70 | |
| Normal (-2SD to 2 SD) | 51 (73%) |
| Wasted (- 3 SD to < -2 SD) | 9 (13%) |
| Severely Wasted (< -3 SD) | 5 (7%) |
| Overweight > 2 SD | 5 (7%) |
| Anemia—n (%)5 | 57 (43%) |
| Leukocytosis—n (%)6 | 105 (79%) |
| Neutrophilia—n (%)7, N = 132 | 25 (19%) |
| Lymphocytosis—n (%)8 | 63 (47%) |
1 N = 133 throughout table, unless otherwise specified.
2 Variables were presented as N (%) for categorical, mean (±SD) for parametric and median (interquartile range) for non- parametric variables.
3severe pneumonia according to WHO 2014 is cough with fast breathing and/or chest indrawing with any danger sign.
4hypoxaemia indicated by oxygen saturation < 90%.
5Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration of < 12.6 gram/dL in age under 6 months, < 12 gram/dL in age between 6 and 23 months, and < 12.5 gram/dL in between 24–59 months.
6 Leukocytosis was defined as if white blood count > 11.9 x 103 in children aged < 6 mo, > 10.6 x 103 in children aged 6–23 months and >8.5 x 103 in children aged 24–59.
7Netrophilia was defined as neutrophil count >70% of the total leucocytes on a peripheral blood smear.
8lympocytosis was defined as lymphocytes count >40% of the total leucocytes on a peripheral blood smear.