Fig. 4. Warming and eO₃ modulated the effects of plant roots and their associated AMF on organic C decomposition.

(A) Effects on total soil C remaining (%) and (B) effects on the residue organic C remaining (%) as determined by ¹³C remaining within no-hyphae–, hyphae-, and root-ingrowth chambers. Data are means ± SE (n = 3). Control, neither AMF nor roots growing into the chamber; AMF, AMF hyphae but not roots growing into the chamber; AMF + root, both AMF hyphae and roots growing into the chamber. The significance levels are labeled with †0.05 < P ≤ 0.10; *0.01 < P ≤ 0.05; **0.001 < P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001.