Table 1.
Demographic and biochemical characteristics of ESRD patients in relation to circulating levels of H3cit and PAD4.
| Low vs High H3cit | Low vs High PAD4 | |||||
| Variable | Q1–3 n = 79 | Q4 n = 26 | P-value | Q1–3 n = 79 | Q4 n = 26 | P-value |
| NETosis markers | ||||||
| H3cit, ng/mL | < 27.1 | ≥ 27.1 | – | 9.7 [5.4–19.7] | 26.7 [16.6–50.5] | < .0001 |
| PAD4, ng/mL | 1.9 [0.9–4.9] | 6.4 [4.0–14.1] | < .0001 | < 6.8 | ≥ 6.8 | – |
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Age, years | 30.7 ± 8.8 | 31.2 ± 7.9 | .546 | 31.1 ± 8.8 | 30.0 ± 8.1 | .615 |
| Male, n (%) | 56 (70.9) | 17 (65.4) | .597 | 54 (68.4) | 19 (73.1) | .650 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | .093 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 22.9 ± 3.7 | .879 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 50 (63.3) | 15 (57.7) | .610 | 50 (63.3) | 15 (57.7) | .610 |
| Pre-dialysis, n (%) | 7 (8.9) | 4 (15.4) | .459 | 9 (11.4) | 2 (7.7) | .728 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||||
| Hb, g/dL | 10.2 ± 1.9 | 10.4 ± 2.9 | .429 | 10.3 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 2.0 | .944 |
| WBC count, x 103/μL | 6.3 [5.4–8.4] | 6.7 [5.4–9.6] | .399 | 6.4 [5.4–9.0] | 6.3 [5.3–9.5] | .841 |
| Neutrophils x 103/μL | 4.0 [3.2–5.1] | 4.6 [3.5–7.4] | .429 | 4.0 [3.2–5.8] | 4.1 [3.3–6.6] | .471 |
| Lymphocytes, x 103/μL | 1.3 [0.9–1.8] | 1.5 [1.0–2.0] | .187 | 1.3 [0.9–1.7] | 1.4 [1.0–1.9] | .450 |
| Platelets, x 103/μL | 225 [194–264] | 247 [190–298] | .588 | 228 [194–274] | 221 [183–261] | .568 |
| N/L ratio | 24.0 ± 56.3 | 10.1 ± 31.2 | .806 | 20.8 ± 51.5 | 19.9 ± 52.4 | .789 |
| P/L ratio | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | .195 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | .463 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 21 [16–25] | 19 [16–21] | .160 | 21 [16–24] | 19 [16–25] | .464 |
| sCr, μmol/L | 1085 [737–1353] | 1052 [556–1236] | .411 | 1085 [718–1353] | 1045 [690–1323] | .752 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 4.3 [3.3–6.8] | 4.7 [3.8–6.2] | .528 | 4.6 [3.3–6.3] | 4.7 [3.6–7.8] | .608 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 95 [83–109] | 91 [80–105] | .487 | 96 [82–110] | 85 [81–100] | .113 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean or median [IQR]. The P-values for continuous variables were calculated with unpaired t-test (parametric comparisons) or the Mann-Whitney U test (non-parametric comparisons). The p-values for categorical variables were calculated with Pearson's chi-squared test. P < .05 is considered statistically significant. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, H3cit = citrullinated histone H3, L = lymphocyte, N = neutrophil, P = platelet, PAD4 = Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, sCr = serum creatinine, WBC = white blood cells.