Table 2.
PD risk related to physical activities and injuries.
| Controls | PD | Univariate logistic model | Adjusted∗ model | Adjusted∗ model, plus athletics and head trauma | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 195 | n = 97 | |||||
| Participate regularly in strenuous athletic activities, such as running, swimming, or other competitive sports (soccer, football, etc.) | No | 108 (56.8) | 40 (42.1) | OR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10–2.99) | OR 2.12 (95% CI 1.19–3.81) | OR 1.69 (95% CI 0.93–3.13) |
| Yes | 82 (43.2) | 55 (57.9) | p=0.020 | p=0.011 | p=0.087 | |
|
| ||||||
| Ever suffered head trauma or a concussion that caused you to black out or lose consciousness? | No | 155 (81.6) | 55 (57.3) | OR 3.30 (95% CI 1.92–5.73) | OR 4.05 (95%CI 2.22–7.53) | OR 4.17 (95% CI 2.23–7.98) |
| Yes | 35 (18.4) | 41 (42.7) | p < 0.001 | p=7.04E − 6 | p=0.000011 | |
|
| ||||||
| Have you ever suffered a severe electrical burn or been electrocuted? | No | 182 (96.3) | 90 (95.7) | OR 1.15 (95% CI 0.30–3.93) | OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.24–3.81) | |
| Yes | 7 (3.7) | 4 (4.3) | p=1.0 | p=0.971 | ||
∗Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, family history.