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. 2021 Feb 2;19(4):579–591. doi: 10.1007/s40258-021-00639-3

Table 2.

Results for the random-effects Tobit model for composite time trade-off (cTTO) data and for the hybrid model based on cTTO plus discrete choice experiment (DCE) data. Beta coefficients should be read as utility decrements in the calculation of health-related quality of life

Dimension level Random-effects Tobit model Heteroscedastic censored hybrid model
β [95 % CI] β P value β SE [95 % CI]
Regular dummies Regular dummies Incremental dummies Incremental dummies Regular dummiesa Regular dummies Regular dummies
mo2 0.080 [0.0499–0.1095] 0.041 0.000 0.041 0.007 [0.0265–0.0553]
mo3 0.061 [0.0294–0.0921] 0.013 0.281 0.054 0.012 [0.0311–0.0765]
mo4 0.166 [0.1315–0.2000] 0.103 0.000 0.157 0.011 [0.1347–0.1788]
mo5 0.205 [0.1740–0.2368] 0.063 0.000 0.220 0.011 [0.1986–0.2415]
sc2 0.030 [–0.0001–0.0591] 0.035 0.000 0.035 0.007 [0.0216–0.0479]
sc3 0.045 [0.0113–0.0783] 0.015 0.179 0.050 0.011 [0.0288–0.0704]
sc4 0.111 [0.0776–0.1448] 0.094 0.000 0.144 0.011 [0.1215–0.1656]
sc5 0.172 [0.1415–0.2020] 0.065 0.000 0.209 0.010 [0.1886–0.2291]
ua2 0.045 [0.0148–0.0762] 0.033 0.000 0.033 0.007 [0.0194–0.0471]
ua3 0.085 [0.0516–0.1179] 0.007 0.531 0.040 0.011 [0.0195–0.0608]
ua4 0.153 [0.1204–0.1860] 0.099 0.000 0.139 0.010 [0.1187–0.1592]
ua5 0.172 [0.1410–0.2021] 0.035 0.007 0.174 0.011 [0.1526–0.1951]
pd2 0.038 [0.0106–0.0661] 0.048 0.000 0.048 0.006 [0.0361–0.0606]
pd3 0.077 [0.0430–0.1106] 0.045 0.000 0.094 0.011 [0.0718–0.1154]
pd4 0.363 [0.3330–0.3934] 0.287 0.000 0.381 0.012 [0.3576–0.4044]
pd5 0.527 [0.4947–0.5597] 0.156 0.000 0.537 0.013 [0.5109–0.5635]
ad2 0.084 [0.0520–0.1158] 0.072 0.000 0.072 0.007 [0.0589–0.0851]
ad3 0.209 [0.1727–0.2449] 0.119 0.000 0.191 0.011 [0.1699–0.2121]
ad4 0.430 [0.3969–0.4630] 0.239 0.000 0.430 0.011 [0.4081–0.4512]
ad5 0.566 [0.5359–0.5970] 0.188 0.000 0.618 0.013 [0.5935–0.6428]
Constant − 0.004 [– 0.0451 to 0.0364] Not used Not used

ad anxiety/depression, CI confidence interval, mo mobility, pd pain/discomfort, sc self-care, SE standard error, ua usual activity

aPreferred model