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. 2021 Jul 9;11:14185. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93207-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Example of bulk refractive index testing for nanobipyramids. Water-glycerol mixtures were put in contact with nanoparticles—0% glycerol in water (RI = 1.33), 20% glycerol in water (RI = 1.36), 50% glycerol in water (RI = 1.4), 80% glycerol in water (RI = 1.45), 100% glycerol (RI = 1.47). (a) Data demonstrating red shifts in resonance peak with increasing glycerol concentration (i.e. increased refractive index). (b) Data showing how bulk refractive index sensitivity is calculated based upon the longitudinal peak location. The peak locations are plotted as a function of refractive index. These data for nanobipyramids have a refractive index sensitivity of 302 nm/RIU.