Fig. 1. Imaging neurovascular coupling in somatosensory cortex to single whisker stimulations.

a Schematic of experimental preparation; single whisker of ketamine–medetomidine anesthetized mouse expressing GCaMP6s in pyramidal neurons is deflected at 5 Hz for 5 s. Modified from ref. ⁵¹. b Ca²⁺ signal acquired using epifluorescence and a stereoscope is used to locate area with the largest increase in activity (right). c Schematic of vasculature and sites of recordings in L2/3 of vS1. d Images showing baseline and stimulation induced increase in neuronal Ca²⁺ surrounding capillaries and upstream arteriole in L2/3. e Quantification of Ca²⁺ from 2 ROIs experiment shown in d. f Increases in capillary velocity (7 trials) and upstream arteriole diameter (11 trials), indicated with arrowheads in d. g Left, single-trial changes in the diameter of a pial arteriole measured as percentage change from baseline; middle, z-score calculation of single trials relative to baseline period; right, average z-score of the vessel (black) is fit with a sigmoid (red), the blue line indicates the time at which the fit crosses 10% of peak, and teal line 25% of peak. Gray bar indicates time of stimulation, dotted line indicates the mean baseline value.