Table 2.
Comparison of explanatory variables between the patients with benign disease, clinically insignificant cancer, and clinically significant cancer.
| All patients | Benign disease | Clinically insignificant cancer | Clinically significant cancer | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1112) | (n = 173) | (n = 367) | ||
| Median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%) | ||||
| Age, yr | 66.0 (61.0–71.0) | 69.0 (63.0–74.0)† | 71.0 (67.0–76.0)†‡ | 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.0 (22.4–25.9) | 24.3 (22.0–26.2) | 23.9 (22.0–25.7) | 0.243 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 171 (15.4%) | 32 (18.5%) | 79 (21.5%)† | 0.022 |
| Abnormal DRE finding | 131 (11.8%) | 25 (14.5%) | 125 (34.1%)†‡ | < 0.001 |
| PSA, ng/mL | 6.72 (4.54–10.07) | 7.46 (5.61–10.77)† | 16.9 (8.25–50.00)†‡ | < 0.001 |
| Testosterone, ng/mL | 4.35 (3.50–5.68) | 4.26 (3.39–5.54) | 3.82 (2.90–5.24)†‡ | 0.027 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.116 (0.094–0.144) | 0.120 (0.096–0.147) | 0.113 (0.091–0.147) | 0.215 |
| Total prostate volume, mL | 41.0 (31.0–56.9) | 32.0 (24.3–44.7)† | 33.0 (25.0–43.0)† | 0.928 |
| Patients with PSAs < 10 | Benign disease | Clinically insignificant cancer | Clinically significant cancer | p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 829) | (n = 123) | (n = 120) | ||
| Median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%) | ||||
| Age, yr | 66.0 (61.0–71.0) | 68.0 (62.0–73.0)† | 69.0 (65.0–73.0)† | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 (22.5–25.9) | 24.5 (22.7–26.5) | 24.0 (22.6–25.8) | 0.347 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 117 (14.1%) | 24 (19.5%) | 28 (23.3%)† | 0.019 |
| Abnormal DRE finding | 81 (9.8%) | 17 (13.8%) | 25 (20.8%)† | 0.002 |
| PSA, ng/mL | 5.53 (4.14–7.27) | 6.44 (5.03–7.73)† | 6.95 (5.42–8.17)† | < 0.001 |
| Testosterone, ng/mL | 4.31 (3.49–5.66) | 4.16 (3.29–5.53) | 4.07 (3.22–5.92) | 0.478 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.114 (0.093–0.141) | 0.119 (0.094–0.144) | 0.108 (0.086–0.127)†‡ | 0.046 |
| Total prostate volume, mL | 39.0 (30.1–51.2) | 30.9 (23.0–39.9)† | 30.2 (22.5–37.0)† | < 0.001 |
| Patients with 10 ≤ PSA < 20 | Benign disease | Clinically insignificant cancer | Clinically significant cancer | p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 219) | (n = 37) | (n = 88) | ||
| Median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%) | ||||
| Age, yr | 67.0 (61.0–73.0) | 72.0 (67.5–75.5)† | 71.0 (67.0–76.0)† | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.8 (22.2–25.8) | 23.5 (20.8–25.3) | 23.9 (22.5–25.4) | 0.572 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 43 (19.6%) | 6 (16.2%) | 15 (17.0%) | 0.805 |
| Abnormal DRE finding | 38 (17.4%) | 6 (16.2%) | 26 (29.5%)† | 0.045 |
| PSA, ng/mL | 13.56 (11.35–16.13) | 13.38 (11.01–15.63) | 13.39 (11.53–17.36) | 0.441 |
| Testosterone, ng/mL | 4.50 (3.56–5.68) | 4.44 (3.68–5.33) | 3.79 (3.01–4.65)†‡ | 0.005 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.119 (0.092–0.153) | 0.120 (0.100–0.153) | 0.121 (0.090–0.159) | 0.806 |
| Total prostate volume, mL | 50.7 (33.0–73.0) | 35.0 (29.8–57.3)† | 30.1 (23.0–38.7)†‡ | < 0.001 |
| Patients with PSA ≥ 20 | Benign disease | Clinically insignificant cancer | Clinically significant cancer | p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 64) | (n = 13) | (n = 159) | ||
| Median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%) | ||||
| Age, yr | 69.5 (64.0–75.0) | 72.0 (69.5–73.5) | 73.0 (68.0–77.0)† | 0.018 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.0 (21.5–26.0) | 24.4 (21.6–24.9) | 23.9 (21.4–25.8) | 0.845 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (17.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | 36 (22.6%) | 0.695 |
| Abnormal DRE finding | 12 (18.8%) | 2 (15.4%) | 74 (46.5%)†‡ | < 0.001 |
| PSA, ng/mL | 28.21 (22.47–37.23) | 27.83 (22.36–39.28) | 64.90 (37.20–149.00)†‡ | < 0.001 |
| Testosterone, ng/mL | 4.69 (3.33–6.05) | 4.45 (3.69–5.92) | 3.80 (2.73–5.25)† | 0.045 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.124 (0.105–0.165) | 0.116 (0.089–0.161) | 0.115 (0.096–0.150) | 0.329 |
| Total prostate volume, mL | 53.6 (37.0–82.3) | 42.1 (24.7–58.2)† | 38.9 (29.4–48.4)† | < 0.001 |
All variables were presented as median (interquartile range) or the number of patients (%).
DRE digital rectal examination, PSA prostate-specific antigen, yr years.
*p < 0.05: comparison of the variables between the groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test, the chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test, as indicated.
†p < 0.05: compared to the group with benign disease using the Mann–Whitney U test, the chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test, as indicated.
‡p < 0.05: comparison between the groups with clinically insignificant cancer and clinically significant cancers using the Mann–Whitney U test, the chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test, as indicated.