Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate regression analyses to identify predictors of clinically significant prostate cancer (vs. benign disease + clinically insignificant prostate cancer) at the standard 12-core TRUS-Bx.
| Univariate | p-value | Multivariate | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
| All patients | ||||
| Age | 1.100 (1.080–1.120) | < 0.001 | 1.102 (1.074–1.130) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 0.960 (0.923–0.999) | 0.046 | 1.023 (0.961–1.090) | 0.469 |
| Presence of DM | 1.462 (1.093–1.955) | 0.010 | 1.537 (1.013–2.331) | 0.043 |
| Abnormal DRE findings | 3.738 (2.845–4.913) | < 0.001 | 1.891 (1.241–2.883) | 0.003 |
| Serum PSA | 1.050 (1.041–1.060) | < 0.001 | 1.050 (1.038–1.062) | < 0.001 |
| Serum testosterone | 0.864 (0.797–0.938) | < 0.001 | 0.936 (0.848–1.033) | 0.190 |
| Total prostate volume | 0.975 (0.968–0.982) | < 0.001 | 0.948 (0.937–0.960) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.600 (0.109–3.296) | 0.557 | 0.094 (0.003–2.900) | 0.176 |
| Patients with PSA < 10 | ||||
| Age | 1.075 (1.044–1.107) | < 0.001 | 1.081 (1.042–1.122) | 0.001 |
| BMI | 0.970 (0.909–1.036) | 0.371 | 1.021 (0.929–1.123) | 0.662 |
| Presence of DM | 1.751 (1.106–2.771) | 0.017 | 1.972 (1.078–3.608) | 0.027 |
| Abnormal DRE findings | 2.293 (1.408–3.734) | 0.001 | 1.527 (0.762–3.060) | 0.233 |
| Serum PSA | 1.238 (1.126–1.362) | < 0.001 | 1.313 (1.162–1.485) | < 0.001 |
| Serum testosterone | 1.003 (0.881–1.141) | 0.967 | 1.054 (0.918–1.210) | 0.454 |
| Total prostate volume | 0.945 (0.929–0.962) | < 0.001 | 0.934 (0.915–0.954) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.077 (0.001–7.058) | 0.266 | 0.085 (0.000–22.774) | 0.387 |
| Patients with 10 < PSA ≤ 20 | ||||
| Age | 1.076 (1.039–1.116) | < 0.001 | 1.148 (1.08–1.214) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 0.983 (0.901–1.072) | 0.696 | 1.101 (0.965–1.256) | 0.152 |
| Presence of DM | 0.868 (0.459–1.641) | 0.663 | 0.716 (0.291–1.757) | 0.465 |
| Abnormal DRE findings | 2.021 (1.153–3.542) | 0.014 | 1.695 (0.737–3.900) | 0.214 |
| Serum PSA | 1.055 (0.972–1.145) | 0.197 | 1.112 (0.981–1.259) | 0.096 |
| Serum testosterone | 0.724 (0.594–0.882) | 0.001 | 0.761 (0.602–0.961) | 0.022 |
| Total prostate volume | 0.945 (0.928–0.962) | < 0.001 | 0.929 (0.906–0.952) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.295 (0.006–13.600) | 0.532 | 0.178 (0.000–112.526) | 0.600 |
| Patients with PSA > 20 | ||||
| Age | 1.054 (1.016–1.094) | 0.005 | 1.081 (1.023–1.143) | 0.006 |
| BMI | 0.985 (0.907–1.071) | 0.727 | 1.016 (0.877–1.177) | 0.830 |
| Presence of DM | 1.441 (0.714–2.909) | 0.308 | 2.359 (0.741–7.512) | 0.146 |
| Abnormal DRE findings | 3.918 (2.030–7.562) | < 0.001 | 3.325 (1.257–8.795) | 0.015 |
| Serum PSA | 1.016 (1.008–1.025) | < 0.001 | 1.009 (1.002–1.016) | 0.016 |
| Serum testosterone | 0.828 (0.694–0.988) | 0.036 | 0.848 (0.676–1.065) | 0.157 |
| Total prostate volume | 0.976 (0.965–0.988) | < 0.001 | 0.963 (0.945–0.982) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.036 (0.000–4.570) | 0.178 | 0.004 (0.000–4.641) | 0.123 |
TRUS-Bx transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, OR odds ratio, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, PSA prostate-specific antigen, DRE digital rectal examination.