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. 2021 Jul 9;11:14251. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93414-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HMGB1 expression was associated with tumor heterogeneity and macrophage infiltration in UTUC. Representative cases of UTUC with abundant macrophage (A–D) and sparse macrophage infiltration (E–H). The tumor with more infiltrating CD68- (A), CD163- (B) and CD204- (C) positive macrophages showed strong HMGB1 expression (D). Conversely, the tumor with fewer CD68- (E), CD163- (F) and CD204- (G) positive macrophages showed weak HMGB1 expression (H). (I) Boxplots for CD68-, CD163- and CD204-positive macrophages according to HMGB1 expression. (J) Boxplot for SD according to HMGB1 expression. (K) Boxplot for the amount of stromal components according to HMGB1 expression. (L) Kaplan–Meier analysis for RFS according to HMGB1 expression. (M) Kaplan–Meier analysis for OS according to HMGB1 expression. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001. HMGB1 = high mobility group box 1, UTUC = upper tract urothelial carcinoma, SD = standard deviation, RFS = recurrence-free survival, OS = overall survival.