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. 2021 Jul 9;11:14203. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93615-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic illustration of the principle of the AuNP assay for begomoviral detection. In the presence of viral DNA (target) the functionalized AuNPs retain red colour when NaCl was added as dsDNA (viral DNA + Probe DNA) prevents aggregation of the AuNPs. In the absence of viral DNA, functionalized AuNPs aggregate and turn purple due to the neutralization of electron cloud of AuNPs by the salt⁵⁵. S-thiol linkage; P-probe.