Table 2.
Intention-to-treat effects of access to managed aquifer recharge water on blood pressure and urine total protein
| Outcomes | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression coefficienta (95% CI) | p-value | Regression coefficienta (95% CI) | p-value | Regression coefficienta (95% CI) | p-value | |
| All participants (N = 2911 person-visits for managed aquifer recharge water access and N = 2834 for no access) | ||||||
| Systolic BP in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.96 (0.65, 3.28) | 0.003 | 1.94 (0.63, 3.25) | 0.004 | 1.96 (0.66, 3.26) | 0.003 |
| Diastolic BP in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.46 (0.41, 2.51) | 0.006 | 1.43 (0.38, 2.49) | 0.008 | 1.44 (0.40, 2.48) | 0.007 |
| Mean arterial pressure in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.63 (0.52, 2.74) | 0.004 | 1.60 (0.49, 2.71) | 0.005 | 1.62 (0.52, 2.71) | 0.004 |
| Pulse pressure in mmHg (mean difference) | 0.50 (−0.07, 1.07) | 0.087 | 0.50 (−0.04, 1.05) | 0.070 | 0.53 (−0.02, 1.07) | 0.057 |
| Urinary total proteinb (ratio of medians) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.337 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.326 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 0.277 |
| Analyses restricted among non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non-pregnant and no-kidney-disease participants (N = 2301 person-visits for managed aquifer recharge water access and N = 2220 for no access) | ||||||
| Systolic BP in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.38 (0.01, 2.75) | 0.049 | 1.40 (0.00, 2.80) | 0.050 | 1.41 (0.01, 2.80) | 0.048 |
| Diastolic BP in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.34 (0.22, 2.46) | 0.019 | 1.33 (0.21, 2.45) | 0.020 | 1.32 (0.21, 2.44) | 0.020 |
| Mean arterial pressure in mmHg (mean difference) | 1.35 (0.18, 2.53) | 0.024 | 1.35 (0.17, 2.54) | 0.026 | 1.35 (0.17, 2.53) | 0.025 |
| Pulse pressure in mmHg (mean difference) | 0.05 (−0.52, 0.61) | 0.871 | 0.08 (−0.50, 0.65) | 0.796 | 0.10 (−0.46, 0.67) | 0.723 |
| Urinary total proteinb (ratio of medians) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.34) | 0.337 | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) | 0.305 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 0.276 |
Refers to difference in mean blood pressure of participants or ratio of medians of 24-hour urinary protein of person-visits between communities with access to managed aquifer recharge water and without access.
Analyses restricted to complete 24-hour urine samples only.
N = 1085 for person-visits from the access to managed aquifer recharge water group. N = 1060 for person-visits from the no access to managed aquifer recharge water group (reference).
Model 1: adjusted for visit only; Model 2: adjusted for visit, age, sex and body mass index; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, marital status, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hours of sleep, religion, salt intake and wealth quintile.