Table 3.
Multiple linear regression between the T-scores of the healthy ageing scale and sociodemographic, life and health factors, adjusted by countrya
| Variables | Mean (SDb) or % | Standardized coefficients | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 62 (12) | −4.25 | (-4.36, -4.15) |
| Year of birth | 1944 (13) | −1.65 | (-1.76, -1.54) |
| Age x year of birth | ·· | 0.30 | (0.28, 0.31) |
| Sex (reference: females) | 55 | 0 | ·· |
| Males | 44 | 0.83 | (0.81, 0.86) |
| Missing | 1 | −0.10 | (-0.13, -0.07) |
| Education (reference: less than primary) | 13 | 0 | ·· |
| Primary | 22 | 0.25 | (0.21, 0.30) |
| Secondary | 43 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.09) |
| Tertiary | 15 | 1.27 | (1.23, 1.31) |
| Missing | 7 | −0.42 | (-0.46, -0.39) |
| Wealth c (reference: 1st quintile = less wealthy) | 18 | 0 | ·· |
| 2nd quintile | 16 | 0.18 | (0.15, 0.21) |
| 3rd quintile | 17 | 0.34 | (0.31, 0.37) |
| 4th quintile | 17 | 0.51 | (0.48, 0.54) |
| 5th quintile | 18 | 0.75 | (0.71, 0.78) |
| Missing | 14 | 0.53 | (0.49, 0.58) |
| Smoking (reference: never) | 49 | 0 | |
| Past | 23 | −0.14 | (-0.17, -0.11) |
| Currently | 20 | −0.33 | (-0.36, -0.30) |
| Missing | 8 | 0.24 | (0.20, 0.28) |
| Obesity (reference: no) | 66 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 17 | −0.66 | (-0.69, -0.64) |
| Missing | 17 | 0.68 | (0.63, 0.72) |
| Arterial hypertension (reference: no) | 54 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 36 | −0.33 | (-0.35, -0.30) |
| Missing | 10 | −0.35 | (-0.39, -0.30) |
| Depression (reference: no) | 70 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 19 | −2.05 | (-2.08, -2.02) |
| Missing | 11 | −1.45 | (-1.48, -1.41) |
| CVDd (reference: no) | 83 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 14 | −1.23 | (-1.26, -1.20) |
| Missing | 3 | 0.33 | (0.29, 0.36) |
| Respiratory diseasee (reference: no) | 89 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 9 | −0.76 | (-0.79, -0.74) |
| Missing | 2 | −0.08 | (-0.12, -0.04) |
| Diabetes (reference: no) | 66 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 11 | −0.52 | (-0.55, -0.49) |
| Missing | 23 | 0.52 | (0.48, 0.56) |
| Joint disordersf (reference: no) | 69 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 22 | −1.70 | (-1.73, -1.67) |
| Missing | 9 | −0.60 | (-0.66, -0.55) |
| Loneliness (reference: no) | 57 | 0 | ·· |
| Yes | 17 | −0.55 | (-0.58, -0.52) |
| Missing | 26 | −0.004 | (-0.044, 0.036) |
| Adjusted R-squaredg = 0.42 |
Variable ‘country’ is categorical with 38 countries.
SD: standard deviation.
Wealth: quantiles of household incomes and asset information from participants within their country cohort.
At least one of the following cardiovascular diseases (CVD): angina, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart attack, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, heart murmur, valvular disease, cerebral vascular disease.
At least one of the following respiratory diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, emphysema.
At least one of the following joint disorders: arthritis, rheumatism, osteoarthritis.
R-squared refers to the coefficient of determination.