Table 1.
Label species and LFIA characteristics
| Nanoparticles | Target analytes | Detection limit | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Au nanoflowers | Aflatoxin B1 | 0.32 pg mL−1 | [11] |
| Hierarchical flowerlike Au NPs | Escherichiacoli O157:H7 | H7103 CFU mL−1 | [13] |
| Au NPs | Hg2+ | 0.0015 ppb | [15] |
| Au NPs | Lead ions | 0.19 ng mL−1 | [16] |
| Au NPs | Ciprofloxacin | 5 ng mL−1 | [17] |
| Magnetic NPs | Salmonella enteritidis | 1.95 × 105 CFU mL−1 | [18] |
| Magnetic NPs | Bacillus anthracis spores | 500–700 spores | [22] |
| Carbon dots (CD)/Ag NPs | Enrofloxacin | 0.1 μg L−1 | [24] |
| Amorphous carbon NPs | Zearalenone | 1 μg kg−1 | [25] |
| MWCNTs | Hg2+ | 0.05 ppb | [26] |
| Dye-doped silica NPs | Enrofloxacin | 0.02 ng mL−1 | [27] |
| CdS/ZnS QDs | N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide | 50 pg mL−1 | [29] |
| CdTe/ZnS QDs | Rhein | 98.2 ng mL−1 | [30] |
| Cu:Zn − In − S/ZnS QDs | Tetanus Antibody | 0.001 IU mL−1 | [31] |
| CdSe/ZnS QDs | Mite allergens | 0.087 IU mL−1 | [33] |