Table 3.
Number of COVID-19 cases and controls and statistical power in a Mendelian randomization study of the serum vitamin D concentration and three COVID-19 phenotypes
| Exposure | Outcome | Minimum detectable odds ratio | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait | Cases | Controls | Total | Proportion of cases | r2 = 0.01 | r2 = 0.02 | r2 = 0.03 | r2 = 0.04 | r2 = 0.05 | |
| 25(OH)D | COVID-19 susceptibility | 38,984 | 1,644,784 | 1,683,768 | 0.0232 | 1.1430/0.8579 | 1.1010/0.8994 | 1.0834/0.9178 | 1.0722/0.9288 | 1.0639/0.9356 |
| COVID-19 severity | 5101 | 1,383,241 | 1,388,342 | 0.0037 | 1.3945/0.6115 | 1.2789/0.7251 | 1.2249/0.7754 | 1.1971/0.8031 | 1.1742/0.8239 | |
| COVID-19 hospitalization | 9986 | 1,877,672 | 1,887,658 | 0.0053 | 1.2795/0.7179 | 1.1976/0.8004 | 1.1613/0.8390 | 1.1397/0.8588 | 1.1249/0.8737 | |
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, r2 the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genetic variants
Minimum detectable odds ratio per 1-SD increase/decrease in 25(OH)D concentration: assume 80% power, 5% alpha level and that 1–5% of 25(OH)D variance is explained by the genetic variants used in the current study