Table 1. Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Hospital Type From 2007 to 2016.
| Variable | Patientsa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community hospital (n = 2 078 051) | Academic hospital (n = 979 318) | NCI hospital (n = 583 994) | Integrated hospital (n = 577 214) | Total (N = 4 218 577) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.8 (11.5) | 64.2 (11.2) | 63.3 (10.9) | 65.0 (11.4) | 65.0 (11.4) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 865 016 (41.6) | 430 780 (44.0) | 294 081 (50.4) | 241 124 (41.8) | 1 831 001 (43.4) |
| Female | 1 213 035 (58.4) | 548 538 (56.0) | 289 913 (49.6) | 336 090 (58.2) | 2 387 576 (56.6) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1 818 997 (87.5) | 774 035 (79.0) | 487 788 (83.5) | 487 886 (84.5) | 3 568 706 (84.6) |
| Black | 186 504 (9.0) | 149 189 (15.2) | 63 963 (11.0) | 66 508 (11.5) | 466 164 (11.1) |
| Asian | 43 967 (2.1) | 32 357 (3.3) | 17 137 (2.9) | 10 589 (1.8) | 104 050 (2.5) |
| American Indian | 7367 (0.4) | 1612 (0.2) | 1895 (0.3) | 833 (0.1) | 11 707 (0.3) |
| Other | 9496 (0.5) | 10 720 (1.1) | 5195 (0.9) | 4458 (0.8) | 29 869 (0.7) |
| Missing | 11 720 (0.6) | 11 405 (1.2) | 8016 (1.4) | 6940 (1.2) | 38 081 (0.9) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic | 1 902 354 (91.5) | 869 020 (88.7) | 543 230 (93.0) | 522 444 (90.5) | 3 837 048 (91.0) |
| Hispanic | 77 450 (3.7) | 59 226 (6.0) | 25 360 (4.3) | 24 467 (4.2) | 186 503 (4.4) |
| Missing | 98 247 (4.7) | 51 072 (5.2) | 15 404 (2.6) | 30 303 (5.2) | 195 026 (4.6) |
| Incomeb | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 361 532 (17.4) | 180 533 (18.4) | 85 470 (14.6) | 82 909 (14.4) | 710 444 (16.8) |
| Quartile 2 | 508 735 (24.5) | 183 914 (18.8) | 116 274 (19.9) | 119 498 (20.7) | 928 421 (22.0) |
| Quartile 3 | 543 412 (26.2) | 232 049 (23.7) | 133 417 (22.8) | 156 536 (27.1) | 1 065 414 (25.3) |
| Quartile 4 | 658 604 (31.7) | 380 273 (38.8) | 246 984 (42.3) | 216 514 (37.5) | 1 502 375 (35.6) |
| Missing | 5768 (0.3) | 2549 (0.3) | 1849 (0.3) | 1757 (0.3) | 11 923 (0.3) |
| Educational levelc | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 357 873 (17.2) | 193 626 (19.8) | 86 261 (14.8) | 74 793 (13.0) | 712 553 (16.9) |
| Quartile 2 | 546 606 (26.3) | 242 737 (24.8) | 130 183 (22.3) | 138 133 (23.9) | 1 057 659 (25.1) |
| Quartile 3 | 673 007 (32.4) | 278 269 (28.4) | 176 353 (30.2) | 196 961 (34.1) | 1 324 590 (31.4) |
| Quartile 4 | 495 960 (23.9) | 262 555 (26.8) | 189 629 (32.5) | 165 874 (28.7) | 1 114 018 (26.4) |
| Missing | 4605 (0.2) | 2131 (0.2) | 1568 (0.3) | 1453 (0.3) | 9757 (0.2) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Uninsured | 43 181 (2.1) | 37 407 (3.8) | 10 410 (1.8) | 10 615 (1.8) | 101 613 (2.4) |
| Private | 846 780 (40.7) | 425 105 (43.4) | 273 302 (46.8) | 248 678 (43.1) | 1 793 865 (42.5) |
| Medicaid | 88 692 (4.3) | 66 032 (6.7) | 27 641 (4.7) | 27 025 (4.7) | 209 390 (5.0) |
| Medicare | 1 050 978 (50.6) | 424 020 (43.3) | 235 265 (40.3) | 279 725 (48.5) | 1 989 988 (47.2) |
| Other government | 25 139 (1.2) | 10 919 (1.1) | 9060 (1.6) | 6378 (1.1) | 51 496 (1.2) |
| Missing | 23 281 (1.1) | 15 835 (1.6) | 28 316 (4.8) | 4793 (0.8) | 72 225 (1.7) |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score | |||||
| 0 | 1 502 788 (72.3) | 733 013 (74.8) | 453 972 (77.7) | 418 045 (72.4) | 3 107 818 (73.7) |
| 1 | 417 813 (20.1) | 179 081 (18.3) | 96 595 (16.5) | 114 434 (19.8) | 807 923 (19.2) |
| 2 | 111 789 (5.4) | 46 015 (4.7) | 23 062 (3.9) | 31 180 (5.4) | 212 046 (5.0) |
| ≥3 | 45 661 (2.2) | 21 209 (2.2) | 10 365 (1.8) | 13 555 (2.3) | 90 790 (2.2) |
| Prior cancer | |||||
| No | 1 723 818 (83.0) | 816 725 (83.4) | 474 573 (81.3) | 476 094 (82.5) | 3 491 210 (82.8) |
| Yes | 354 135 (17.0) | 162 542 (16.6) | 109 409 (18.7) | 101 038 (17.5) | 727 124 (17.2) |
| Missing | 98 (0.0) | 51 (0.0) | 12 (0.0) | 82 (0.0) | 243 (0.0) |
| Distance to hospital, median (IQR), mi | 8.9 (4.0-19.7) | 10.0 (4.6-23.4) | 23.7 (9.2-62.9) | 8.6 (4.2-17.1) | 10.1 (4.5-23.6) |
| Transfer of care | |||||
| No | 1 511 776 (72.7) | 627 456 (64.1) | 243 245 (41.7) | 393 567 (68.2) | 2 776 044 (65.8) |
| Yes | 566 275 (27.3) | 351 862 (35.9) | 340 749 (58.3) | 183 647 (31.8) | 1 442 533 (34.2) |
| Geographic location | |||||
| Metropolitan | 1 617 679 (77.8) | 856 553 (87.5) | 483 607 (82.8) | 505 543 (87.6) | 3 463 382 (82.1) |
| Nonmetropolitan | 410 826 (19.8) | 102 638 (10.5) | 86 922 (14.9) | 48 841 (8.5) | 649 227 (15.4) |
| Missing | 49 546 (2.4) | 20 127 (2.1) | 13 465 (2.3) | 22 830 (4.0) | 105 968 (2.5) |
| Cancer type | |||||
| Breast | 654 927 (31.5) | 252 221 (25.8) | 119 379 (20.4) | 169 845 (29.4) | 1 196 372 (28.4) |
| Lung | 319 384 (15.4) | 148 390 (15.2) | 89 665 (15.4) | 84 292 (14.6) | 641 731 (15.2) |
| Prostate | 344 016 (16.6) | 181 829 (18.6) | 127 272 (21.8) | 101 910 (17.7) | 755 027 (17.9) |
| Colon | 270 978 (13.0) | 92 056 (9.4) | 32 755 (5.6) | 68 508 (11.9) | 464 297 (11.0) |
| Rectal | 48 204 (2.3) | 21 506 (2.2) | 13 025 (2.2) | 11 691 (2.0) | 94 426 (2.2) |
| Melanoma | 64 361 (3.1) | 38 973 (4.0) | 40 446 (6.9) | 20 477 (3.5) | 164 257 (3.9) |
| Bladder | 22 944 (1.1) | 12 578 (1.3) | 10 631 (1.8) | 5939 (1.0) | 52 092 (1.2) |
| NHLd | 85 043 (4.1) | 44 027 (4.5) | 36 221 (6.2) | 20 871 (3.6) | 186 162 (4.4) |
| Kidney | 115 368 (5.6) | 67 353 (6.9) | 45 456 (7.8) | 36 390 (6.3) | 264 567 (6.3) |
| Uterine | 111 300 (5.4) | 87 429 (8.9) | 38 329 (6.6) | 43 487 (7.5) | 280 545 (6.7) |
| Pancreatic | 41 526 (2.0) | 32 956 (3.4) | 30 815 (5.3) | 13 804 (2.4) | 119 101 (2.8) |
| Cancer stage | |||||
| I | 847 390 (40.8) | 401 617 (41.0) | 218 190 (37.4) | 246 066 (42.6) | 1 713 263 (40.6) |
| II | 656 528 (31.6) | 301 344 (30.8) | 179 625 (30.8) | 182 014 (31.5) | 1 319 511 (31.3) |
| III | 337 202 (16.2) | 158 073 (16.1) | 98 817 (16.9) | 90 929 (15.8) | 685 021 (16.2) |
| IV | 236 931 (11.4) | 118 284 (12.1) | 87 362 (15.0) | 58 205 (10.1) | 500 782 (11.9) |
| First treatment | |||||
| Surgery | 1 497 871 (72.1) | 692 898 (70.8) | 387 950 (66.4) | 437 582 (75.8) | 3 016 301 (71.5) |
| Radiation | 230 853 (11.1) | 103 854 (10.6) | 50 130 (8.6) | 62 649 (10.9) | 447 486 (10.6) |
| Systemic | 349 327 (16.8) | 182 566 (18.6) | 145 914 (25.0) | 76 983 (13.3) | 754 790 (17.9) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise specified.
b
Quartile at the zip code level. From 2007 to 2012, quartile 1 was less than $38 000; quartile 2, $38 000 to $47 999; quartile 3, $48 000 to $62 999; and quartile 4, greater than $63 000. From 2013 to 2016, quartile 1 was less than $40 227; quartile 2, $40 227 to $50 353; quartile 3, $50 354 to $63 332; and quartile 4, greater than $63 333.
c
Quartiles at the zip code level for the percentage of adults who did not graduate high school. From 2007 to 2012, quartile 1 was 21% or more; quartile 2, 13% to 20.9%; quartile 3, 7% to 12.9%; and quartile 4, less than 7%. From 2013 to 2016, quartile 1 was 17.6% or more; quartile 2, 10.9% to 17.5%; quartile 3, 6.3% to 10.8%; and quartile 4, less than 6.3%.
d
Includes chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma.