Table A1.

Unimodal test functions.

Objective Function	Range	Dimensions	Fmin
$F_1\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^m{x}_i^2$	$\left[-100, 100\right]$	30	0
$F_2\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^m\left|x_i\right|+\prod _{i=1}^m\left|x_i\right|$	$\left[-10, 10\right]$	30	0
$F_3\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^m{\left(\sum _{j=1}^i{x}_i\right)}^2$	$\left[-100, 100\right]$	30	0
$F_4\left(x\right)=max\left\{\left|x_i\right| , 1\le i\le m \right\}$	$\left[-100, 100\right]$	30	0
$F_5\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^{m-1}\left[100{\left(x_{i+1}-x_i^2\right)}^2+{\left(x_i-1\right)}^2)\right]$	[−30, 30]	30	0
$F_6\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^m{\left(\left[x_i+0.5\right]\right)}^2$	$\left[-100, 100\right]$	30	0
$F_7\left(x\right)=\sum _{i=1}^{m}i{x}_i^4+random(0,1)$	[−1.28, 1.28]	30	0