Table 2.
Complete composition and extraction yield (% w/w dry weight) of the essential oil obtained from the dried inflorescences and floral bracts of 2019 hemp samples.
| Relative Abundance (%) ± SD | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoecious | Dioecious | |||||||||||
| Compounds | l.r.i. 1 | Carmaleonte | Codimono | Felina 32 | Futura 75 | Uso-31 | Bernabeo | Carmagnola | CS | Eletta Campana | Fibranova | Fibrante |
| heptanal | 901 | - | - | - 2 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 |
| α-pinene 3 | 933 | 0.9 ± 0.21 AB;b | 0.5 ± 0.10 ABCD;b | 0.2 ± 0.00 BCD;b | 0.8 ± 0.30 AB;a | 0.8 ± 0.36 AB;b | - D;b | 1.0 ± 0.46 A;b | 0.6 ± 0.09 ABCD;b | 0.2 ± 0.11 BCD;b | 0.1 ± 0.12 CD;b | 0.7 ± 0.10 ABC;b |
| β-pinene | 977 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.10 | - | 0.2 ± 0.09 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 |
| myrcene | 991 | 0.1 ± 0.01 BC;b | 0.1 ± 0.09 BC;b | - C;b | 0.1 ± 0.07 BC;b | 0.2 ± 0.07 B;b | - C;b | 0.5 ± 0.18 A;b | 0.3 ± 0.03 B;b | - C;b | - C;b | 0.6 ± 0.03 A;b |
| δ-3-carene | 1011 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-terpinene | 1017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| limonene | 1029 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.5 ± 0.01 |
| 1,8-cineole | 1031 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - |
| (E)-β-ocimene | 1047 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| γ-terpinene | 1058 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - |
| terpinolene | 1089 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 |
| nonanal | 1105 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 |
| linalool | 1101 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| fenchol | 1114 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.04 |
| cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol | 1122 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| trans-pinocarveol | 1139 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | - | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 |
| trans-verbenol | 1145 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ipsdienol | 1147 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-pinene oxide | 1156 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 |
| borneol | 1165 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.05 |
| lavandulol | 1170 | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.10 | 0.4 ± 0.10 |
| 4-terpineol | 1177 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | - |
| p-cymen-8-ol | 1185 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1±0.07 |
| myrtenal | 1194 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-terpineol | 1191 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.09 | 0.3 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.3 ± 0.09 |
| eugenol | 1357 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.20 | - |
| methyl eugenol | 1405 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-ylangene | 1371 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
| isocaryophyllene | 1407 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.08 | - | 0.4 ± 0.07 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.11 |
| cis-α-bergamotene | 1416 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-caryophyllene | 1419 | 4.6 ± 0.21 C;b | 6.6 ± 0.17 BC;b | 2.9 ± 0.11 C;b | 11.0 ± 0.70 A;b | 4.9 ± 1.29 C;b | 3.6 ± 0.62 C;b | 10.2 ± 2.72 AB;a | 9.4 ± 1.66 AB;b | 3.1 ± 0.54 C;b | 6.3 ± 2.32 BC;b | 10.2 ± 1.27 AB;b |
| trans-α-bergamotene | 1436 | - | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.02 | 1 ± 0.02 | 0.5 ± 0.16 | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.4 ± 0.17 | - |
| α-guaiene | 1439 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.09 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - |
| aromadendrene | 1142 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
| guaia-6,9-diene | 1443 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| isogermacrene D | 1451 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-humulene | 1453 | 2.6 ± 0.08 DE;b | 3.7 ± 0.10 BCD;b | 1.7 ± 0.12 E;b | 5.0 ± 0.12 AB;b | 2.9 ± 0.73 CDE;b | 2.7 ± 0.46 CDE;b | 4.3 ± 0.99 ABC;a | 5.0 ± 0.50 AB;b | 1.8 ± 0.42 E;b | 2.9 ± 1.04 CDE;b | 5.7 ± 0.74 A;b |
| aristolene | 1452 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - |
| (E)-β-farnesene | 1458 | - | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.03 | 0.8 ± 0.11 | 0.5 ± 0.18 | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.08 | - |
| alloaromadendrene | 1460 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.7 ± 0.03 | - | 0.8 ± 0.06 | 1.4 ± 0.44 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.6 ± 0.15 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.3 ± 0.09 | 0.3 ± 0.05 |
| 4,5-di-epi-aristolochene | 1468 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| γ-gurjunene | 1469 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-chamigrene | 1476 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| γ-muurolene | 1477 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.10 | - | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.4 ± 0.16 | 0.2 ± 0.08 | - |
| α-amorphene | 1482 | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| γ-selinene | 1483 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.08 | 0.3 ± 0.05 | 0.3 ± 0.13 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.09 | 0.3 ± 0.03 |
| β-selinene | 1486 | 0.8 ± 0.03 B;b | 0.9 ± 0.02 B;b | 0.9 ± 0.11 B;b | 2.2 ± 0.05 A;a | 2.4 ± 0.65 A;a | 0.9 ± 0.13 B;b | 1.2 ± 0.38 B;a | 1.1 ± 0.07 B;b | 1.2 ± 0.40 B;a | 0.9 ± 0.36B;a | 1.0 ± 0.14 B;b |
| δ-selinene | 1491 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| valencene | 1493 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.3 ± 0.06 |
| α-selinene | 1495 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.07 | 1.5 ± 0.09 | 1.1 ± 0.32 | 0.6 ± 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.11 | 0.7 ± 0.09 | 0.8 ± 0.23 | 0.6 ± 0.27 | 0.6 ± 0.06 |
| eremophilene | 1499 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-bulnesene | 1505 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.06 | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.10 | - |
| epizonarene | 1501 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-bisabolene | 1509 | - | 0.1 ± 0.02 | - | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | 0.3 ± 0.08 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.08 | 0.2 ± 0.03 |
| (E,E)-α-farnesene | 1509 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-curcumene | 1513 | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| trans-γ-cadinene | 1513 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.1 ± 0.09 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | - | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | 0.3 ± 0.10 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 |
| sesquicineole | 1516 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7-epi-α-selinene | 1517 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | 0.3 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.15 | - | 0.4 ± 0.09 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.12 | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 |
| (Z)-γ-bisabolene | 1519 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.11 | - |
| β-cadinene | 1519 | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.12 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.07 |
| trans-calamenene | 1524 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| δ-cadinene | 1524 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.08 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.10 |
| selina-3,7(11)-diene | 1530 | 1.6 ± 0.10 ABCD;b | 1.0 ± 0.11 BCD;b | 0.6 ± 0.14 D;b | 2.1 ± 0.59 A;a | 0.9 ± 0.16 CD;b | 1.6 ± 0.31 ABCD;b | 2.5 ± 0.21 AB;b | 2.1 ± 0.06 ABCD;b | 2.3 ± 0.33 ABC;b | 2.1 ± 0.59 ABC;b | 1.9 ± 0.16 ABCD;a |
| (E)-γ-bisabolene | 1531 | - | 0.5 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-calacorene | 1543 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.14 | - | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 |
| cis-sesquisabinene hydrate | 1545 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.6 ± 0.18 | - |
| elemol | 1550 | 0.8 ± 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.07 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | 1.1 ± 0.14 | 1.0 ± 0.24 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.7 ± 0.00 | 0.5 ± 0.05 | 0.3 ± 0.06 | 0.4 ± 0.08 | 0.6 ± 0.03 |
| guaia-3,9-diene | 1556 | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (E)-nerolidol | 1564 | 0.7 ± 0.05 | 0.7 ± 0.05 | 0.5 ± 0.16 | 1.2 ± 0.31 | 0.6 ± 0.14 | 1.3 ± 0.28 | 0.6 ± 0.07 | 1.0 ± 0.07 | 1.0 ± 0.25 | 1.5 ± 0.30 | 1.1 ± 0.13 |
| palustrol | 1568 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| caryophyllene alcohol | 1570 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.12 | - | - | - | - | - |
| spathulenol | 1577 | 0.1 ± 0.00 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.00 | - |
| trans-sesquisabinene hydrate | 1581 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| caryophyllene oxide | 1582 | 16.0 ± 0.1 B;a | 14.2 ± 0.82 BC;a | 7.1 ± 1.39 D;a | 10.2 ± 1.32 CD;b | 23.5 ± 3.19 A;a | 14.2 ± 1.83 BC;a | 13.7 ± 0.17 BC;a | 11.3 ± 0.85 CD;a | 10.9 ± 2.56 CD;a | 10.2 ± 1.12 CD;a | 16.6 ± 0.78 B;a |
| globulol | 1583 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.09 | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - |
| trans-(Z)-α-bisabolene epoxide | 1586 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| isoaromadendrene epoxide | 1589 | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.23 | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.13 | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.60 |
| epi-globulol | 1590 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | 0.2 ± 0.03 | - | 0.5 ± 0.32 | - | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.91 |
| viridiflorol | 1592 | 0.3 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.07 | - | 0.5 ± 0.11 | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.20 | 0.3 ± 0.05 | 2.7 ± 2.20 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.10 |
| guaiol | 1596 | - | - | - | - | 1.1 ± 0.10 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| humulene oxide II | 1608 | 6.1 ± 0.47 BC;a | 6.6 ± 0.52 AB;a | 3.7 ± 0.94 CD;a | 4.8 ± 0.41 BCD;a | 9.1 ± 0.76 A;a | 6.9 ± 0.73 AB;a | 2.7 ± 2.40 D;a | 4.5 ± 0.56 BCD;a | 2.6 ± 1.07 D;a | 4.2 ± 0.68 BCD;a | 7.0 ± 0.07 AB;a |
| cedrenol | 1610 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.20 |
| humulane-1-6-dien-3-ol | 1613 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| selin-6-en-4-ol | 1618 | 2.4 ± 1.09 AB;a | 1.6 ± 0.56 ABCD;a | 0.4 ± 0.05 D;a | 1.5 ± 0.25 BCD;a | 0.8 ± 0.11 CD;a | 3.1 ± 0.77 A;a | 1.7 ± 0.33 ABCD;a | 1.3 ± 0.13 BCD;a | 1.8 ± 0.06 ABCD;a | 1.7 ± 0.28 ABCD;a | 2.3 ± 0.70 ABC;a |
| 13-nor-valenc-1(10)-en-11-one | 1629 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1-epi-cubenol | 1627 | 1.0 ± 0.12 | - | 0.4 ± 0.12 | 1.0 ± 0.37 | 0.6 ± 0.00 | 0.8 ± 0.23 | 1.0 ± 0.78 | 0.2 ± 0.18 | 1.0 ± 0.49 | 0.6 ± 0.07 | 0.2 ± 0.25 |
| γ-eudesmol | 1631 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.31 | - | - |
| caryophylla-4(14),8(15)-dien-5-ol (unidentified isomer 1) | 1633 | 8.3 ± 0.12 A;a | 7.6 ± 0.37 AB;a | 3.8 ± 0.78 CD;a | 4.9 ± 1.83 ABCD;a | 4.7 ± 0.35 BCD;a | 2.5 ± 0.39 D;a | 3.3 ± 2.85 D;a | 3.8 ± 0.65 CD;a | 3.5 ± 0.81 D;a | 5.0 ± 0.36 ABCD;a | 7.1 ± 0.90 ABC;a |
| caryophylla-4(14),8(15)-dien-5-ol (unidentified isomer 2) | 1633 | 7.3 ± 0.18 A;a | 5.7 ± 0.51 B;a | 3.9 ± 0.65 DE;a | 3.7 ± 0.57 E;a | 5.4 ± 0.27 BC;a | - F;b | 4.1 ± 0.68 CDE;a | 4.1 ± 0.35 CDE;a | 3.5 ± 0.13 E;a | 4.8 ± 0.24 BCDE;a | 5.1 ± 0.65 BCD;a |
| T-cadinol | 1641 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.11 | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.12 | - | - |
| cubenol | 1641 | 0.1 ± 0.11 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | - | 0.4 ± 0.02 | - |
| β-eudesmol | 1649 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.21 | 0.7 ± 0.59 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | - |
| α-eudesmol | 1653 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.19 | - | - | - | - |
| neointermedeol | 1655 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | 0.2 ± 0.22 | - | 0.5 ± 0.00 | 1.7 ± 0.11 | - | - | - | 0.5 ± 0.01 | - |
| bulnesol | 1668 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.24 | - | 0.1 ± 0.11 |
| 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene | 1670 | 13.5 ± 0.42 A;a | 13.5 ± 0.71 A;a | 9.2 ± 2.34 BCD;a | 9.1 ± 0.46 BCD;a | 12.2 ± 1.22 ABC;a | 8.1 ± 0.67 CD;a | 7.8 ± 2.73 D;a | 8.7 ± 1.99 BCD;a | 9.1 ± 1.33 BCD;a | 10.2 ± 0.44 ABCD;a | 12.6 ± 0.14 AB;a |
| ylangenal | 1675 | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | - |
| aromadendrene epoxide II | 1680 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.04 | 0.3 ± 0.11 | 0.3 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.3 ± 0.11 | 0.4 ± 0.07 | 0.4 ± 0.07 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.05 |
| α-bisabolol | 1685 | 0.5 ± 0.02 FG;a | 2.6 ± 0.20 C;a | 0.4 ± 0.20 FG;b | 0.8 ± 0.17 EF;a | - G;b | 1.2 ± 0.22 DE;a | 1.6 ± 0.38 D;a | 1.3 ± 0.13 DE;a | 4.9 ± 0.30 A;a | 4.0 ± 0.29 B;a | 0.8 ± 0.06 EF;b |
| cedr-8-en-13-ol | 1688 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| juniper camphor | 1694 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 0.6 ± 0.08 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 1.2 ± 0.11 | 0.6 ± 0.11 | 1.0 ± 0.31 | 1.1 ± 0.30 | 0.9 ± 0.05 | 0.9 ± 0.03 |
| (Z)-α-trans-bergamotol | 1700 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-phellandrene dimer | 1801 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| nootkatone | 1803 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.06 |
| (E,E)-farnesyl acetate | 1843 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| hexahydrofarnesylacetone | 1845 | 0.7 ± 0.05 C;a | 1.4 ± 0.05 BC;a | 1.0 ± 0.29 C;b | 1.0 ± 0.03 C;a | 1.9 ± 0.72 AB;a | 2.3 ± 0.04 A;a | 2.3 ± 0.02 A;a | 2.0 ± 0.09 AB;a | 1.4 ± 0.34 BC;a | 0.7 ± 0.07 C;a | 1.4 ± 0.21 BC;a |
| 1-hexadecanol | 1877 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| (E,E)-farnesyl acetone | 1918 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | 0.3 ± 0.00 | 0.7 ± 0.22 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | 1.6 ± 0.04 | 0.5 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.00 | 0.3 ± 0.05 |
| m-camphorene | 1952 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 |
| p-camphorene | 1986 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.12 |
| ethyl hexadecanoate | 2000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| phytol | 2112 | 0.9 ± 0.10 DE;a | 1.5 ± 0.03 CDE;a | 3.1 ± 0.65 B;a | 0.6 ± 0.03 E;a | 2.8 ± 0.18 B;b | 5.4 ± 0.91 A;a | 1.1 ± 0.30 CDE;a | 2.1 ± 0.45 BC;a | 2.0 ± 0.15 BCD;a | 0.8 ± 0.09 E;a | 0.9 ± 0.25 E;a |
| cannabidiol | 2369 | 18.1 ± 1.7 BC;a | 19.6 ± 1.23 BC;a | 51.5 ± 8.36 A;a | 22.9 ± 6.33 BC;a | 11.8 ± 7.97 C;a | 25.0 ± 5.7 BC;a | 21.9 ± 0.92 BC;a | 30.5 ± 1.62 B;a | 34.5 ± 7.88 B;a | 32.1 ± 9.62 B;a | 12.6 ± 1.07 C;b |
| cannabichromene | 2373 | 0.5 ± 0.18 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 1.2 ± 0.96 | 0.3 ± 0.18 | 0.7 ± 0.56 | 1.6 ± 0.26 | 0.3 ± 0.18 | 0.5 ± 0.40 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.43 | 0.2 ± 0.16 |
| Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol | 2468 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.3 ± 0.09 | 0.8 ± 0.15 | 0.3 ± 0.10 | 0.1 ± 0.13 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | 0.3 ± 0.05 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | 0.4 ± 0.10 | 0.3 ± 0.13 | 0.1 ± 0.01 |
| Total identified (%) | 93.8 ± 0.43 | 96.4 ± 0.12 | 97.4 ± 0.98 | 95.9 ± 1.42 | 97.3 ± 0.24 | 90.6 ± 0.92 | 92.5 ± 1.13 | 97.8 ± 0.52 | 95.4 ± 1.95 | 97.1 ± 0.79 | 97.7 ± 0.65 | |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 1.2 ± 0.26 ABC;b | 0.7 ± 0.25 BCD;b | 0.2 ± 0.00 CD;b | 0.9 ± 0.42 BCD;b | 1.4 ± 0.65 AB;b | -D;b | 2.0 ± 0.73 A;b | 1.3 ± 0.31 AB;b | 0.2 ± 0.11 CD;b | 0.1 ± 0.12 D;b | 2.1 ± 0.12 A;b | |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | -B;b | 0.1 ± 0.07 B;a | 0.1 ± 0.03 B;b | 0.1 ± 0.13 B;a | 0.2 ± 0.09 B;b | -B;b | 0.5 ± 0.32 B;b | 0.6 ± 0.13 B;b | 0.1 ± 0.14 B;b | 0.2 ± 0.24 B;b | 1.3 ± 0.47 A;a | |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 12.1 ± 0.23 CD;b | 16.4 ± 0.66 BCD;b | 8.0 ± 0.34 D;b | 28.7 ± 0.84 A;b | 15.9 ± 4.57 BCD;a | 11.0 ± 1.99 D;b | 22.3 ± 5.37 AB;a | 20.8 ± 2.42 ABC;b | 11.7 ± 2.83 D;b | 15.5 ± 5.37 BCD;b | 21.8 ± 2.90 AB;b | |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 59.6 ± 1.79 A;a | 56.0 ± 1.50 AB;a | 30.9 ± 7.02 D;a | 40.6 ± 4.82 CD;a | 60.9 ± 2.48 A;a | 44.3 ± 3.81 BCD;a | 40.5 ± 8.52 CD;a | 39.3 ± 3.68 CD;a | 44.6 ± 6.31 BC;a | 46.0 ± 3.49 BC;a | 56.7 ± 1.86 AB;a | |
| Diterpene hydrocarbons | - C;b | - C;a | - C;b | - C;b | - C | -C;b | 0.9 ± 0.08 A;a | 0.1 ± 0.06 BC;b | - C;b | - C | 0.2 ± 0.19 B;b | |
| Oxygenated diterpenes | 0.9 ± 0.10 DE;a | 1.5 ± 0.03 CDE;a | 3.1 ± 0.65 B;a | 0.6 ± 0.03 E;a | 2.8 ± 0.18 B;b | 5.4 ± 0.91 A;a | 1.1 ± 0.30 CDE;a | 2.1 ± 0.45 BC;a | 2.0 ± 0.15 BCD;a | 0.8 ± 0.09 E;a | 0.9 ± 0.25 E;a | |
| Phenylpropanoids | 0.2 ± 0.04 A;a | - B;a | - B | 0.1 ± 0.05 AB;a | - B,b | B | - B | - B | - B | 0.2 ± 0.20 A;a | - B | |
| Cannabinoids | 18.7 ± 1.93 BC;a | 20.0 ± 1.24 BC;a | 53.4 ± 9.47 A;a | 23.5 ± 6.61 BC;a | 12.6 ± 8.66 C;a | 26.9 ± 5.89 BC;a | 22.5 ± 1.05 BC;b | 31.4 ± 1.97 B;a | 35.1 ± 7.99 B;a | 33.5 ± 10.18 B;a | 12.9 ± 1.22 C;b | |
| Apocarotenoids | 1.1 ± 0.07 D;a | 1.7 ± 0.05 CD;a | 1.7 ± 0.51 CD;a | 1.4 ± 0.01 CD;a | 3.5 ± 0.76 A;a | 2.8 ± 0.06 AB;a | 2.8 ± 0.01 AB;a | 2.2 ± 0.13 BC;a | 1.6 ± 0.41 CD;a | 0.8 ± 0.07 D;a | 1.7 ± 0.26 CD;a | |
| Other non-terpene derivatives | - A;a | - A | - A;a | - A | 0.1 ± 0.08 A;a | 0.2 ± 0.04 A;b | 0.1 ± 0.15 A;a | - A;b | - A;a | - A | 0.1 ± 0.13 A;a | |
| Extraction yield (% w/w) | 0.04 ± 0.02 DE;b | 0.07 ± 0.01 BCD;b | 0.03 ± 0.01 E;b | 0.12 ± 0.01 A;b | 0.03 ± 0.00 E | 0.03 ± 0.01 E;b | 0.09 ± 0.02 AB;b | 0.08 ± 0.01 BC;b | 0.09 ± 0.00 AB | 0.06 ± 0.01 CDE;b | 0.08 ± 0.00 BC;b | |
1 Linear retention index on a HP 5-MS capillary column; 2 Not detected; 3 Compounds accounting for at least 1.000% of the dissimilarity rate (According to the SIMPER test, see Table 4) are evidenced in bold. For these compounds, for all chemical classes, and for the extraction yield, different superscript uppercase letters (A–G) indicate statistically significant differences between the each variety; superscript lowercase letters (a,b) indicate statistically significant differences among the cultivar withdrawn on different years (see Table 3 for 2020 samples). The statistical significance of the relative abundances was established by the Tukey’s post-hoc test, with p ≤ 0.05.