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. 2021 Jun 25;13(13):2100. doi: 10.3390/polym13132100

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effect of heat stimulation and Fe/Si ions on gene (in vitro) and protein (in vivo) expression. (a) bFGF, (b) bFGFR, (c) VEGF, (d) HIF-1α, (e) eNOS, (f) HSP90 gene expression of HUVECs at day 7. (g) Immunohistochemical staining for HSP90 (Blank: no treatment; CS-NOCS: calcium silicate-NOCS composite hydrogels without NIR irradiation; FA-NOCS: FA-NOCS composite hydrogels without NIR irradiation; FA–NOCS–L: FA-NOCS composite hydrogels with NIR irradiation (808 nm, 0.36 W/cm2, 15min/day, day 1–5); L: laser irradiation only; Bar = 50 μm). (h) Possible activation mechanism of the combined effect of ions and thermal stimulation on angiogenesis. (B: blank; F: Fe2+ containing medium; S: SiO44− containing medium; FS: Fe2+ and SiO44− containing medium; H–B: heat treatment; H-FS: combination of heat and Fe2+ and SiO44− ion treatment, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). [112] Copyright 2020, Elsevier.