Table 2.
Surface tension, electrical conductivity and shear and extensional viscosity for EKL:PVP solutions in DMF. Values with different symbols are significantly different (p < 0.05).
| Concentration (wt.%) | EKL:PVP Ratio |
Surface Tension (mN/m) | Electrical Conductivity (μS/cm) |
η (mPa.s) | ηext,0 (mPa.s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 100:0 | 29.55 a | 190.1 A | 2.9 α | 7.1 aa |
| 99:1 | 30.01 a | 181.5 B | 3.3 α | 10.2 bb | |
| 97:3 | 31.05 b | 215.9 C | 4.2 β | 15.3 cc | |
| 95:5 | 31.25 b | 189.4 A | 7.7 γ | 23.4 dd | |
| 20 | 100:0 | 31.34 b | 201.1 D | 3.4 α | 9.8 bb |
| 99:1 | 32.35 c | 201.7 D | 8.1 γ | 24.1 dd | |
| 97:3 | 32.73 c | 210.8 C | 12.5 δ | 41.9 ee | |
| 95:5 | 33.33 d | 176.3 B | 23.1 ε | 88.7 ff | |
| 30 | 100:0 | 31.01 a | 166.6 E | 5.1 β | 15.4 cc |
| 99:1 | 33.48 d | 167.4 E | 14.2 δ | 45.8 gg | |
| 97:3 | 34.76 e | 150.2 F | 27.3 ζ | 90.5 ff | |
| 95:5 | 34.95 e | 170.1 E | 84.7 ᵨ | 299.7 hh | |
| 40 | 100:0 | 34.75 e | 96.3 G | 8.2 γ | 32.7 ii |
| 99:1 | 36.27 f | 111.5 H | 30.2 ζ | 118.8 jj | |
| 97:3 | 38.05 g | 95.2 G | 56.4 ᵩ | 205.1 kk | |
| 95:5 | 35.45 e | 101.8 G | 145.5 ᵪ | 445.8 ll |
Different symbols, included as superscripts (a, b, c, d, e, f, g; A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H; α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, ᵩ, ᵪ; aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh, ii, jj, kk, ll), indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in each column.