Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of PLGA nanoparticle synthesis and chemical modification. (a) PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized by the “water-in-oil-in-water” emulsion method. Rose Bengal in water was introduced into the solution of PLGA in chloroform and emulsified by sonication. The first emulsion was introduced into the solution of PVA with chitosan oligosaccharide lactate and once again emulsified. The chloroform was then evaporated and as-obtained PLGA nanoparticles (b) were washed from PVA with centrifugation. (c) PLGA nanoparticles were conjugated to affibody Z_HER2:342 via carbodiimide chemistry using EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) and sulfo-NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) as crosslinking agents.