Table 1.
Performance comparison of ultrasound measurement distance.
| [13] (2012) |
[1] (2015) |
[11] (2021) |
[4] (2015) |
[5] (2019) |
This Work | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | TFCW | Pulse-echo | Chirp modulation | Cross-correlation/PSM | Cross-correlation | MFPW |
| Transducer | N/A | AlN PMUT |
PZT | Commercial (Vico WK-21B) |
Commercial (Goworld 1P28) |
AlScN PMUT |
| Propagation medium | Air | Air | Air | Liquid (distilled water) |
Liquid (water) |
Liquid (FC-70) |
| Frequency (kHz) | 40/40.82 | 220 | 94–107 | 1000 | 1000 | 2392.6/2327/2119.5 |
| SNR (dB) | N/A | 33 2 at 500 mm |
25.26 3 at 550 mm |
N/A | N/A | 25.5 at 3.5 mm |
| Standard deviation (μm) | 155.7 1 at 200 mm |
N/A | N/A | 40 at 200 mm |
N/A | 1.95 5 at 3.5 mm |
| Range error (μm) | ±136 at 200 mm |
410rms at 500 mm |
18,700 4 at 550 mm |
N/A | ±202 at 25 mm |
±6.2 at 3.5 mm |
1 Corresponds to the greater value of all reported. 2 Extracted from a SNR versus range graph. 3 Computed using the received power characterization in air of their transducer (−60 dBm) and the input-referred noise of the amplifier (12.2 μVrms). 4 Corresponds to the standard deviation of the absolute error. 5 Represents the 70% confidence limit considering that the measurements have a Student’s t distribution.