Figure 4.

A summary of the impact of ginseng on respiratory virus infections. Ginseng is believed to interrupt through multiple mechanism and shows antiviral effect against respiratory viruses. (1) Ginseng shows anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF, and ROS. (2) Prevents viral entry into the cells by binding with HA receptor. (3) Stimulates the production of IFN-γ. Ginseng induces apoptosis of infected cells by stimulating antibody production (4), by activation of CD4+ T cells (5), and CD8 + T cells (6) [37].