Table 1.

Characteristics of polymer nanocomposites with G-based nanomaterials.

Matrix	Nanofiller	Processing Method	Bacteria	Inhibition	Comments	Reference
	(wt%)			(%)
PMMA	GO-Ag (1) GO-Ag (2)	SN + curing	E. coli	-	Synergistic effect of both nanofillers	[38]
			S. aureus
			S. mutans
PMMA fibers	GO (8)	Pressurized gyration	E. coli	85	GO well distributed across fiber	[40]
PNIPAM	Ag/G (0.5:1)	In situ polymerization	E. coli S. aureus	-	Synergistic effect: G prevented Ag aggregation	[41]
	Ag/G (1:1)
	Ag/G (5:1)
PNIPAM	GO/CNT (1:1)	FRP	P. aeruginosa	-	Strong interaction GO-PNIPAM	[44]
PVK	GO (3)	Bulk polymerization	B. subtilis	89	Better properties than raw GO	[45]
			R. opacus	89
			E. coli	89
			C. metallidurans	91
PVA	G (1)	SN+ solution casting	E. coli	92	5 wt% G is the optimal nanofiller ratio	[46]
	G (5)		E.coli	95.8
	G (10)		E.coli	97.1
	G (1)		S. aureus	92.3
	G(5)		S. aureus	99.6
	G(10)		S. aureus	99.7
PLA	GO/Ag (2)	In situ polymerization	E. coli	99	Improved Ag dispersion with GO	[54]
			S. aureus	99
PVDF fibers	GO/Ag (1:0.5)	ES	E. coli S. aureus	-	GO promotes release of Ag+	[55]
	GO/Ag (1:1)
	GO/Ag (1:2)
PCL	GO/Ag (5:1)	SN+ solution casting	E. coli	59	Rupture of the cells by rGO-Ag	[58]
PPF	PEG-GO (3)	SN+ curing	S. aureus	97	Strong interaction between PEG-GO and PPF	[36]
			S. epidermidis	94
			P. aeruginosa	85
			E. coli	81
CS	GO/TiO2 (4/16)	SA	A. niger	99	Synergistic effect of all components	[67]
			B. subtilis	99
AG	GO (1)	SN+ solution casting	S. aureus	99	Strong AG-GO interactions	[74]
			S. epidermis	99
AGAR	rGO/Ag/ZnO	solution casting	S. aureus	95	Uniform distribution of Ag and ZnO over rGO	[78]
			P. aeruginosa	95
PHBV	CNC/GO (1:1)	solution casting	E. coli	99.7	Synergistic effect by chemical grafting	[84]
			S. aureus	99.8

SN: sonication; FRP: free radical polymerization; ES: electrospinning; SA: self assembly.