| UWSNs | Underwater sensor networks |
| ANC-UWSNs | Adaptive node clustering technique for underwater sensor networks |
| ACO | Ant colony optimizer |
| GWO | Gray wolf optimizer |
| MFO | Moth flame optimizer |
| CLPSO | Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer |
| DFO | dragonfly optimizer |
| UOC | Underwater optical communication |
| FANET | Flying ad-hoc network |
| CH | Cluster head |
| WSNs | Wireless sensor networks |
| UAC | Underwater acoustic communication |
| VANET | Vehicular ad-hoc network |
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