| CHNS | carbon hydrogen nitrogen sulfur |
| EB | ethidium bromide |
| ncba | 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid |
| phen | 1,10-phenanthroline |
| bpy | 2,2′-bipyridine |
| CCK-8 | cell counting kit 8 |
| CT-DNA | calf thymus DNA |
| HeLa | human cervical carcinoma |
| HepG2 | human hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HSA | human serum albumin |
| A549 | human lung carcinoma |
| Bax | Bcl-2-associated X protein |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| Bcl-2 | B cell lymphoma 2 |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PI | propidium iodide |
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