Figure 4.

(a) Exposure of polymer surfaces to plasma species leads to surface texturing, with features spanning micro and nano-scales, and simultaneous introduction of functional groups with an affinity for biomolecules, where the latter could be selectively immobilized via physical and covalent bonding in the absence of the linker. (b) Antibody immobilization on pristine and plasma-treated poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces: (i) 1-Ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/sHNS) mediated and (ii) linker-free immobilization of antibodies labelled using Au nanoparticles. The mouse IgG antibodies labelled with two different methods were used. Reproduced from Wieland et al. (2020) [40] under conditions of the CC BY license.