Table 1.
Summary of biopolymer-based hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds.
| Polymers Used | Loaded Bioactive Agents | Study Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | High swelling capacity and accelerated wound healing | [56] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Good mechanical performance and excellent biocompatibility with high antibacterial effects | [57] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Cefadroxil | Sustained drug release and good antibacterial activity | [58] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Tetracycline | Good antibacterial efficacy and fast wound recovery | [59] |
| N-carboxyethyl chitosan and PVA | - | Non-toxicity | [60] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | The accelerated diabetic wound healing process | [61] |
| Carboxymethyl chitosan and PVA | Au nanoparticles | Non-toxicity and high antibacterial effects | [62] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Silk protein sericin | Excellent biocompatibility and accelerated wound healing process | [63] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Ag and Au nanoparticles | Superior antimicrobial activity | [64] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Accelerated wound healing mechanism | [65] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Arthrospira platensis | High cell viability and potential wound healing process | [66] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Graphene oxide | Good bactericidal activity | [67] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Cu metal-organic frameworks | Excellent cell adhesion and proliferation with a fast wound healing process | [68] |
| Carboxyethyl chitosan and PVA | Chamomile | Good antioxidant and antibacterial activity | [69] |
| Chitosan and PVA | ZnO nanoparticles | Good antibacterial and fast diabetic wound healing | [70] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Halloysite nanotubes | Good biocompatibility and cell attachment | [71] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Nepeta dschuparensis and honey | Faster burn wound healing process | [2] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Honey | Superior antibacterial efficacy | [73] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | Superior synergistic antibacterial effects | [74] |
| Chitosan oligosaccharides and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | High antibacterial efficacy and fast wound closure | [75] |
| Chitosan oligosaccharide and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | Accelerated wound healing process | [76] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Good wound healing properties | [77] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Ag nitrate and titanium | Excellent antibacterial activity | [78] |
| N-Maleoyl-functional chitosan and PVA | Tetracycline hydrochloride | Good wound-healing effects and superior antibacterial effects | [79] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Good cell adhesion and proliferation | [80] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Potential wound healing management | [81] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Accelerated wound healing process | [82] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Ag ions | Excellent antibacterial activity | [83] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Graphene oxide and ciprofloxacin | Good antibacterial efficacy and excellent cytocompatibility | [84] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Rapid burn wound healing process [74] | [85] |
| Chitosan and PVA | Bidens pilosa | Good antimicrobial activity | [86] |
| Chitosan and PVA | - | Fast wound healing recovery | [87] |
| Chitosan-graft polyaniline and PCL | - | Good mechanical properties and accelerated wound closure | [88] |
| Chitosan and PLA | Curcumin | Initial burst drug release followed by sustained release | [89] |
| Chitosan, PCL, and PVA | - | The rapid wound healing process | [90] |
| Chitosan and PCL | Aloe vera | Moderate WVTR and Excellent antibacterial activity | [91] |
| Chitosan and PCL | Nitric acid | Fast wound healing mechanism | [92] |
| Chitosan-g-polyaniline and PCL | - | Excellent antibacterial activity and good wound closure | [93] |
| Chitosan, PCL, and HA | - | Good biocompatibility and non-toxicity, | [94] |
| Chitosan and PCL | Resveratrol and ferulic acid | Faster wound contraction rate | [95] |
| Chitosan and PCL | - | Non-toxicity | [96] |
| Chitosan and PCL | Aloe vera | Good mechanical and biological properties | |
| Gelatin and PVA | ZM essential oil | Good cytocompatibility and antibacterial effects | [99] |
| Gelatin and PVA | Carica papaya | good biocompatibility and bactericidal activity | [100] |
| Gelatin, PVA, and chitosan | Glucantime | Good properties for the treatment of Leishmania wounds | [101] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Quercetin and ciprofloxacin | Initial burst drug release followed by sustained frug release with fast wound closure | [102] |
| Gelatin, PCL, and chitosan | Curcumin | High cell attachment and biocompatibility with good antioxidant efficacy | [103] |
| Gelatin and PCL | QAS | Excellent mechanical properties and high antibacterial activity | [104] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Amoxicillin and Zn nanoparticles | Sustained drug release profile, good antibacterial efficacy, and accelerated wound healing | [105] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Ketoprofen | High cell viability indicating good biocompatibility | [106] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Cerium oxide | Moderate WVTR and fast wound recovery | [107] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Halloysite nanotubes | Non-toxicity | [108] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Taurine | Accelerated wound healing process | [109] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Clove essential oil | Superior antibacterial activity | [110] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Gymnema sylvestre | Initial burst release that can contribute to good antibacterial effects | [111] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Human urine-derived stem cells | Improved wound healing properties and increased re-epithelization | [112] |
| Gelatin and PCL | Lawsone | Good mechanical properties, superior antibacterial efficacy, and accelerated wound healing process | [113] |
| Sodium Alginate and PVA | Dexpanthenol | Controlled drug release and good cytocompatibility | [115] |
| Alginate, PVA, and Chitosan | Asiaticoside | Improved wound healing mechanism | [116] |
| Sodium Alginate and PVA | ZnO nanoparticles | Excellent antibacterial activity | [117] |
| Alginate and PVA | Gatifloxacin | Continuous controlled drug release mechanism | [118] |
| Sodium Alginate and PVA | Moxifloxacin | High swelling capacity, good antibacterial efficacy, and superior wound healing process | [119] |
| Alginate and PCL | Nanocrystal cellulose | Non-toxicity | [120] |
| Alginate and PVA | - | Surface morphology that mimics ECM | [121] |
| Alginate and PVA | - | Superior wound healing mechanism | [122] |
| Sodium Alginate and PVA | - | Accelerated wound healing process | [123] |
| Cellulose and PVA | Curcumin | Excellent biocompatibility and fast wound healing process | [126] |
| Hydroxyethyl cellulose and PVA | - | Good mechanical properties and non-toxicity | [127] |
| Cellulose acetate and PCL | Metallic nanoparticles (Ag, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles) | Good antibacterial activity | [128] |
| Cellulose acetate and PCL | Propolis | Excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy | [129] |
| HA and PVA | - | Good cytocompatibility and fast wound healing | [132] |
| Hyaluronate-methacrylated and PVA | - | Non-toxicity and high cell adhesion | [133] |
| Hyaluronan and PCL | Epidermal growth factors | Accelerated wound healing | [134] |
| Collagen and PVA | Graphene oxide | Excellent biocompatibility and improved wound healing process | [138] |
| Collagen and PVA | - | High swelling capacity and good cytocompatibility | [139] |
| Collagen and PCL | - | Higher cell proliferation and migration rate | [140] |
| Collagen and PCL | N-acetylcysteine | Initial rapid drug release followed by sustained release, and a fast wound healing process | [141] |
| Collagen and PCL | Doxycycline | Good biocompatibility | [142] |
| Gum tragacanth and PVA | - | High cell adhesion and proliferation, and good antibacterial efficacy | [144] |
| Gum tragacanth and PVA | Curcumin | High cell attachment and proliferation | [145] |
| Gum Arabic and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | Non-toxicity and excellent antimicrobial activity | [146] |
| Gum tragacanth–PCL–PVA | - | Good mechanical performance and accelerated diabetic wound closure | [147] |
| Gum tragacanth and PCL | Curcumin | Initial burst drug release followed by a sustained release | [148] |
| Gum tragacanth and PCL | Aloe vera | High cell proliferation | [149] |
| Gum tragacanth and PCL | Curcumin | Accelerated diabetic wound healing process | [150] |
| Silk fibroin and PVA | Epidermal cells | Fast wound recovery | [153] |
| Silk fibroin and PVA | Starch nanoparticles and Aloe vera | High encapsulation efficiency and good antioxidant efficacy | [154] |
| Silk fibroin and PVA | Amoxicillin trihydrate | Improved mechanical properties and excellent antibacterial activity | [155] |
| Silk fibroin and PCL | - | High antibacterial effects | [156] |
| Silk fibroin and PVA | - | Accelerated diabetic wound healing process | [157] |
| Lignin and PVA | Ag nanoparticles | Good antimicrobial efficacy | [159] |
| Lignin and PVA | - | Enhanced mechanical properties and good antibacterial activity | [160] |
| β-Cyclodextrin and PVA | Ag nanoparticles and riboflavin | Non-toxicity, excellent antagonistic bactericidal activity, and fast wound healing process | [161] |
| Chloroacetated natural rubber and PVA | Kaolin and starch | Excellent cytocompatibility | [162] |
| Konjac glucomannan and PVA | - | Accelerated wound healing mechanism | [163] |
| Pectin, PVA, and PVP | Ag nanoparticles | Good cytocompatibility, higher antibacterial efficacy, and accelerated wound healing process | [164] |