Table 1.

Comparison of this UoC to state-of-the-art ultrasound ASIC designs

		Ref.
	This work	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Process	130 nm BCD+MEMS	1.5 µm HV	28 nm	180 nm HV SOI	180 nm	180 nm	180 nm BCD SOI	350 nm CMUT-in-CMOS
Transducer	2D CMUT	2D CMUT	2D CMUT	2D PZT	2D PZT	2D PMUT	2D CMUT	2D CMUT
No. of TX/RX elements	8,960/8,960	256/256	0/16	128/3072	0/144	36/36	256/256	0/960
Operating frequency	1–10 MHz	5 MHz	5 MHz	5 MHz	5 MHz	5 MHz	7 MHz	5 MHz
Pitch-matched	✓ (208 µm)	×	✓ (250 µm)	✓ (300 µm)	✓ (150 µm)	✓ (250 µm)	✓ (220 µm)	✓ (162 µm)
Multilevel pulsing	✓ (7-level)	×	×	✓ (3-level)	×	×	×	×
TX beamforming	✓ (digital)	✓ (digital)	×	✓ (digital)	×	×	×	×
RX beamforming	✓ (digital)	×	✓ (digital)	✓ (analog)	✓ (analog)	✓ (analog)	×	×
On-chip TGC	✓ (0.2 dB/step)	×	✓ (0.33 dB/step)	×	✓ (6 dB/step)	✓ (6 dB/step)	×	✓ (4.3 dB/step)
On-chip ADC	✓ (1,120 ch)	×	✓ (16 ch)	×	✓ (16 ch)	✓ (36 ch)	×	×
On-chip DSP	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×