Table 3.

Visualization techniques and applications [60].

Imaging Technique	Applications	Reference
Fluorescence	Photosynthesis features Metabolite composition Pathogen infection	[14,61,62,63]
RGB Imaging	Photosynthesis characteristics Pathogen infection Nutritional deficiencies	[15,22,64,65]
Thermography	Irrigation management Transpirational characteristics	[13,66,67,68]
Tomography	Tissue structure and metabolites Monitoring physiological and biochemical processes that occur in vivo	[69,70,71]
Spectroscopy	Identification of physiological responses, pathogens, and pests Surface structure growth and movements, pigment content	[16,72,73,74]