Table 7.

Food simulants recommended by the (EU) n° 10/2011 and examples of applications.

Food Simulant	Recommendation to Use	Examples of Food
Ethanol 10% (v/v) (A)	Hydrophilic character and can extract hydrophilic Substances	Fresh vegetables, peeled or cut
Acetic acid 3% (w/v) (B)	Hydrophilic character and can extract hydrophilic substances; food with pH < 4.5	Clear drinks: Water, ciders, clear fruit or vegetable juices of normal strength or concentrated, fruit nectars, lemonades, syrups, bitters, infusions, coffee, tea, beers, soft drinks, energy drinks and the like, flavored water, liquid coffee extract
Ethanol 20% (v/v) (C)	Hydrophilic character and can extract hydrophilic substances; alcoholic foods with an alcohol content of up to 20% and those foods which contain a relevant amount of organic ingredients that render the food more lipophilic	Ice-creams
Ethanol 50% (v/v) (D1)	Lipophilic character and can extract lipophilic substances; for alcoholic foods with an alcohol content of above 20% and oil in water Emulsions	Milk and milk-based drinks whole, partly dried and skimmed or partly skimmed
Vegetable oil (D2)	Lipophilic character and can extract lipophilic substances; foods which contain free fats at the surface	Animals and vegetable fats and oils, whether natural or treated (including cocoa butter, lard, resolidified butter)
Poly (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide), particle size 60–80 mesh, pore size 200 nm (E)	For testing specific migration into dry foods	Cereal flour and meal