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. 2021 Jun 24;21(13):4329. doi: 10.3390/s21134329

Table 3.

Inter-rater and intra-session reliability analysis for RUSI diaphragm thickness within both manual and specific orthosis device measurement methods during relaxed breathing.

RUSI Diaphragm
Thickness (cm)		 Examiner 1 Mean ± SD (95% CI) Examiner 2 Mean ± SD (95% CI) ICC(2,1) (95% CI) SEM MDC p-Value
Manual Probe Fixation
Tins right diaphragm 0.21 ± 0.07 (0.19–0.24) 0.21 ± 0.07 (0.19–0.24) 0.983 (0.967–0.991) 0.009 0.025 0.174 †
Texp right diaphragm 0.13 ± 0.04 (0.11–0.15) 0.12 ± 0.04 (0.10–0.13) 0.951 (0.774–0.982) 0.008 0.024 <0.001 *
Tins-exp right diaphragm 0.08 ± 0.05 (0.06–0.10) 0.09 ± 0.06 (0.07–0.11) 0.955 (0.889–0.979) 0.011 0.031 0.004 *
Tins left diaphragm 0.20 ± 0.07 (0.18–0.23) 0.20 ± 0.06 (0.17–0.22) 0.945 (0.894–0.972) 0.015 0.042 0.224 *
Texp left diaphragm 0.15 ± 0.05 (0.13–0.17) 0.13 ± 0.04 (0.12–0.15) 0.872 (0.672–0.942) 0.016 0.044 0.001 *
Tins-exp left diaphragm 0.05 ± 0.04 (0.04–0.06) 0.06 ± 0.04 (0.05–0.08) 0.910 (0.791–0.957) 0.012 0.033 0.005 *
Orthosis Device Probe Fixation
Tins right diaphragm 0.23 ± 0.07 (0.20–0.25) 0.23 ± 0.08 (0.20–0.25) 0.982 (0.966–0.991) 0.001 0.002 0.468 *
Texp right diaphragm 0.15 ± 0.05 (0.13–0.17) 0.16 ± 0.05 (0.12–0.15) 0.955 (0.907–0.977) 0.010 0.029 0.201 †
Tins-exp right diaphragm 0.07 ± 0.05 (0.05–0.09) 0.08 ± 0.05 (0.06–0.10) 0.936 (0.876–0.967) 0.012 0.035 0.211 †
Tins left diaphragm 0.22 ± 0.07 (0.19–0.24) 0.22 ± 0.07 (0.19–0.24) 0.979 (0.960–0.989) 0.010 0.027 0.840 *
Texp left diaphragm 0.17 ± 0.05 (0.15–0.19) 0.15 ± 0.05 (0.12–0.16) 0.875 (0.523–0.952) 0.017 0.047 0.001 *
Tins-exp left diaphragm 0.04 ± 0.05 (0.03–0.06) 0.05 ± 0.05 (0.03–0.07) 0.945 (0.893–0.972) 0.011 0.032 0.139 *

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; MDC, minimum detectable change; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of measurement; Tins, maximum inspiration time; Texp, maximum expiration time. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for a 95% CI (in bold). * Student t-test for paired samples was used. † Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used.