Table 3.

Description of the 15 benchmark functions.

No.	Functions	Search range	$F_i^{\ast }=F_i\left(x^{\ast }\right)$
Unimodal functions
F1	Rotated High Conditioned Elliptic Function	[−100, 100]	100
F2	Rotated Bent Cigar Function	[−100, 100]	200
F3	Rotated Discus Function	[−100, 100]	300
Multimodal functions
F4	Shifted and Rotated Rosenbrock’s Function	[−100, 100]	400
F5	Shifted and Rotated Ackley’s Function	[−100, 100]	500
F6	Shifted and Rotated Schwefel’s Function	[−100, 100]	1100
F7	Shifted and Rotated Katsuura Function	[−100, 100]	1200
F8	Shifted and Rotated HappyCat Function	[−100, 100]	1300
F9	Shifted and Rotated HGBat Function	[−100, 100]	1400
F10	Shifted and Rotated Expanded Griewank’s plus Rosenbrock’s Function	[−100, 100]	1500
Hybrid functions
F11	Hybrid Function 1 (N $=$ 3)	[−100, 100]	1700
F12	Hybrid Function 2 (N $=$ 3)	[−100, 100]	1800
F13	Hybrid Function 3 (N $=$ 4)	[−100, 100]	1900
F14	Hybrid Function 4 (N $=$ 4)	[−100, 100]	2000
F15	Hybrid Function 5 (N $=$ 5)	[−100, 100]	2100