Table 2.
Clinical, biological and radiological characteristics at ICU admission.
| Day 28 status |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors (n = 793) | Non-survivors (n = 173) | All (n = 966) | p-value | |
| Number of days since symptoms onset (n = 961), days | 8 [6; 12] | 7 [3; 10] | 8 [6; 11] | < 0.0001 (a) |
| Symptoms at ICU admission (n = 966) | ||||
| Cough | 472 (60%) | 91 (53%) | 563 (58%) | 0.0945 (b) |
| Shortness of breath | 538 (68%) | 127 (73%) | 665 (69%) | 0.1520 (b) |
| Fever | 573 (72%) | 117 (68%) | 690 (71%) | 0.2222 (b) |
| Diarrhoea | 186 (23%) | 33 (19%) | 219 (23%) | 0.2125 (b) |
| Nausea | 20 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 23 (2%) | 0.7831 (d) |
| Asthenia | 51 (6%) | 8 (5%) | 59 (6%) | 0.3685 (b) |
| Anorexia | 14 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 18 (2%) | 0.5460 (d) |
| Weakness | 235 (30%) | 60 (35%) | 295 (31%) | 0.1915 (b) |
| Confusion | 31 (4%) | 13 (8%) | 44 (5%) | 0.0393 (b) |
| Headache | 94 (12%) | 13 (8%) | 107 (11%) | 0.0994 (b) |
| Myalgia | 171 (22%) | 23 (13%) | 194 (20%) | 0.0139 (b) |
| Anosmia | 71 (9%) | 13 (8%) | 84 (9%) | 0.5428 (b) |
| Ageusia | 40 (5%) | 6 (3%) | 46 (5%) | 0.3778 (b) |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Temperature, °C (n = 951) | 37.8 (±1.1) | 37.7 (±1.5) | 37.8 (±1.2) | 0.5668 (a) |
| SAP, mmHg (n = 955) | 128 (±27) | 125 (±32) | 128 (±28) | 0.0479 (a) |
| MAP, mmHg (n = 956) | 89 (±18) | 84 (±22) | 88 (±18) | 0.0019 (a) |
| Heart rate, beat/min (n = 957) | 89 (±20) | 93 (±24) | 89 (±21) | 0.0415 (a) |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL (n = 950) | 12.7 [11.5; 14.0] | 11.9 [10.6; 13.4] | 12.6 [11.3; 13.9] | < 0.0001 (a) |
| WBC count, 103/mm3 (n = 948) | 8.2 [5.9; 10.9] | 8.3 [5.7; 11.7] | 8.2 [5.8; 11.1] | 0.4432 (a) |
| Neutrophil count, 103/mm3 (n = 830) | 6.5 [4.6; 9.0] | 6.3 [4.4; 9.6] | 6.5 [4.6; 9.2] | 0.8653 (a) |
| Lymphocyte count, 103/mm3 (n = 814) | 0.8 [0.6; 1.1] | 0.7 [0.5; 1.0] | 0.8 [0.5; 1.1] | 0.0083 (a) |
| Platelet count, 103/mm3 (n = 945) | 229 [172; 304] | 212 [145; 264] | 225 [169; 296] | 0.0002 (a) |
| Platelet/lymphocyte ratio (n = 811) | 283 [190; 425] | 272 [174; 453] | 283 [186; 428] | 0.8170 (a) |
| D-dimer, ng.mL−1 (n = 440) | 1570 [827; 3690] | 1480 [788; 3495] | 1560 [821; 3690] | 0.6687 (a) |
| Ferritin, (µg/L) (n = 211) | 1407 [843; 2407] | 1149 [409; 1976] | 1383 [738; 2389] | 0.0924 (a) |
| Fibrinogen, g.L−1 (n = 619) | 6.9 [5.9; 7.8] | 6.4 [5.2; 7.4] | 6.8 [5.8; 7.8] | 0.0008 (a) |
| Prothrombin, % (n = 844) | 85.0 [74.0; 96.0] | 80.5 [69.5; 91.5] | 84.5 [73.0; 95.0] | 0.0022 (a) |
| Procalcitonin, µg. L−1 (n = 568) | 0.5 [0.2; 1.3] | 0.7 [0.2; 4.0] | 0.5 [0.2; 1.6] | 0.0109 (a) |
| CRP, mg. L−1 (n = 753) | 157.7 [100.0; 233.0] | 143.4 [95.8; 235.4] | 154.9 [99.8; 234.0] | 0.6810 (a) |
| Arterial lactate, mmol. L−1 (n = 873) | 1.3 [1.0; 1.7] | 1.4 [1.0; 2.0] | 1.3 [1.0; 1.7] | 0.0070 (a) |
| Serum creatinine, µmol. L−1 (n = 947) | 74 [60; 96] | 93 [66; 142] | 77 [61; 103] | < 0.0001 (a) |
| Troponin Ic, ng.mL−1 (n = 353) | 3.4 [0.0; 15.0] | 13.0 [0.1; 81.5] | 4.0 [0.0; 18.1] | 0.0008 (a) |
| Troponin T, pg.mL−1 (n = 254) | 14 [8; 27] | 39 [24; 86] | 17 [10; 37] | < 0.0001 (a) |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg (n = 701) | 114 [83; 160] | 103 [77; 148] | 112 [81; 159] | 0.0456 (a) |
| PaO2, mmHg (n = 922) | 76 [65; 94] | 74 [63; 94] | 76 [64; 94] | 0.3592 (a) |
| PaCO2, mmHg (n = 922) | 37 [32; 42] | 38 [31; 46] | 37 [32; 43] | 0.3099 (a) |
| Radiological exams | ||||
| X-ray (n = 966) | 715 (90%) | 149 (86%) | 864 (89%) | 0.1175 (b) |
| CT-scan (n = 966) | 622 (78%) | 116 (67%) | 738 (76%) | 0.0014 (b) |
| US exam (n = 959) | 369 (47%) | 91 (53%) | 460 (48%) | 0.1522 (b) |
For continuous variables, mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile-range] are given. For categorical variables, numbers (%) are given. SAP: systolic arterial pressure, WBC: white blood cells, CRP: C-reactive protein. PaO2: oxygen arterial pressure, PCO2: carbon dioxide arterial pressure, CT: computerised tomography, US: ultrasound.
(a) Wilcoxon test, (b) Chi² test, (d) Fisher’s exact test.