Figure 5.

Antioxidant effect of CUR on lipid and protein damage by short-term exposure to O₃ (Table S5A,B). (a) Plasma concentration of MDA/4-HNE (nmol/mL) for each experimental group (n = 5). (b) Plasma concentration of carbonylated proteins (nmol/mg) in the experimental groups (n = 5). Data represent the mean value ± SEM, and the asterisk indicates a statistical difference between the preventive curcumin and ozone control groups at all testing times for MDA/4-HNE concentration (p < 0.001) and protein carbonylation (p < 0.001).