Table 1.
Main demographic, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of patients
| Normouricemic subjects (n = 130) | Hyperuricemic patients (n = 45) | Gout patients (n = 131) | Fisher test p-value | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Sex M/F | 53/77 | 40.8/59.2 | 33/12 | 73.3/26.7 | 118/13 | 90.1/9.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Familial occurrence | 17 | 41.5 | 50 | 38.5 | 0.8546 | ||
| No treatment | 130 | 100 | 21 | 46.7 | 18 | 13.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Allopurinol | No treatment | 24 | 53.3 | 98 | 74.8 | < 0.0001 | |
| Febuxostat | 0 | 0 | 15 | 11.5 | < 0.0001 | ||
| p.Q141K, GG | 102 | 87.2 | 25 | 58.1 | 73 | 56.6 | < 0.0001 |
| GT | 14 | 12.0 | 13 | 30.2 | 49 | 38.0 | < 0.0001 |
| TT | 1 | 0.9 | 5 | 11.6 | 7 | 5.4 | < 0.0001 |
| no genetic data | 13 | 10.0 | 2 | 4.4 | 2 | 1.5 | < 0.0001 |
| p.Q141K, MAF | 16 | 6.8 | 23 | 26.7 | 63 | 24.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | Range | Median (IQR) | Range | Median (IQR) | Range | KW test p-value | |
| Age of onset | Not applicable | 34 (40.5) | 6–76 | 41.0 (23.0) | 12–84 | 0.197 | |
| Age at the time of taking samples | 41 (25.0) | 18–76 | 48.0 (49.0) | 11–78 | 53.0 (20.5) | 14–90 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI | 25.3 (4.8) | 17.9–38.5 | 28.7 (6.1) | 17.7–41 | 28.6 (5.4) | 20.6–50 | < 0.0001 |
| SUA off treatment, μmol/L | 337.0 (118.8) | 140–617 | 450.5 (105.0) | 253–601 | 462.0 (124.0) | 245–683 | < 0.0001 |
| SUA on treatment, μmol/L | Not applicable | 424.0 (143.0) | 250–608 | 378.0 (124.0) | 167–725 | 0.2325 | |
| FE-UA | Not collected | 3.9 (2.0) | 1.8–20 | 3.6 (1.5) | 0.8–14.3 | 0.1716 | |
| eGFR-MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m2 | Not collected | 88.0 (35.6) | 27.6–165 | 86.0 (21.5) | 27.5–151 | 0.5505 | |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 75.5 (21.8) | 49–121 | 79.0 (19.0) | 47–132 | 81.0 (16.5) | 48–189 | 0.0075 |
| Max CRP | 1.3 (1.8) | 0.1–17.9 | 1.9 (4.6) | 0.2–45.3 | 4.1 (7.2) | 0.2–224.4 | < 0.0001 |
Reference range: SUA 120–416 μmol/L for men, 120–360 μmol/L for women; FE-UA 7.3 ± 1.3 for men, 10.3 ± 4.2 for women; eGFR-MDRD > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 for healthy subjects (levels decline with age); serum creatinine 64–104 μmol/L for men, 49–90 μmol/L for women; CRP 0–5 mg/L
GG—wild-type variant; GT—heterozygotic; TT—homozygotic; MAF minor frequency allele, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, SUA serum uric acid, FE-UA fractional excretion of uric acid, eGFR-MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, CRP C-reactive protein, KW test Kruskal-Wallis test