Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants: diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, diabetic patients without nephropathy (DM) and healthy controls
| Variables | Group | Total (n = 256) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DN (n = 103) | DM (n = 100) | Control (n = 53) | |||
| Age (years) | 62 ± 9 | 62 ± 8 | 52 ± 11 | 59.48 ± 10.21 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (M/F) (male, %) | 67/36 (65%) | 50/50 (50%) | 22/31 (41.5%) | 139/117 (54.3%) | 0.011 |
| Family history (n, %) | 21 (20.4%) | 42 (42%) | 9 (17%) | 72 (28.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 29.55 ± 4.44 | 28.29 ± 4.86 | 30.38 ± 6.83 | 28.77 ± 4.92 | 0.578 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 173 ± 86 | 152 ± 54 | 99 ± 16 | 149.2 ± 69.8 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 41 ± 18 | 34 ± 11 | 28 ± 7 | 35 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23 ± 0.44 | .93 ± 0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.16 | 1.07 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 |
| Urine creatinine | 115 ± 62 | 112 ± 61 | 161 ± 63 | 123 ± 65 | < 0.001 |
| Urine albumin | 373.3 ± 480 | 12.3 ± 13.7 | 13.2 ± 19.8 | 158.8 ± 352.8 | < 0.001 |
| Urine Alb/Cr | 344.0 ± 450.5 | 11.0 ± 9.8 | 7.7 ± 10.0 | 145.3 ± 329.9 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 89.99 ± 36.21 | 92.85 ± 30.48 | 87.29 ± 29.09 | 90.69 ± 31.18 | 0.674 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as number and percentage (n, %) for categorical variables